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Chapter Assessment
American Revolution
Test Notes
Causes of the American Revolution
 British taxed the colonists because they needed money to pay for the French and Indian War.
 To protest having to pay unfair taxes, a group of colonists boarded a ship into the Boston Harbor and
dumped tea into the water.
 The colonists felt “No taxation without representation!” about the British taxes.
 The Intolerable Acts were established as a punishment to Boston for boycotting tea.
 Colonists believed that only their colonial assemblies had the right to tax them because they had a say in
that government, not the king.
Continental Congress
 The First Continental Congress advised colonies to establish militias and arm themselves.
 The Second Continental Congress made George Washington the Commander of the Continental Army,
the King of England declared the colonies were in a state of rebellion, and the Declaration of
Independence was written.
Patriot- a colonist who did not remain loyal to the King of England; this colonist believed in the colonial
government and “no taxation without representation”.
Loyalist- a colonist who remained loyal to the King of England (King George III)
The American Revolution was fought for the control of the colonies!
The American Revolution
 At first, South Carolina troops were able to stop British attempts from capturing Charles Town.
However, American forces were unable to defeat the British in other colonies, so the British came back
to Charles Town. So- many colonists refused to fight for the British. They instead escaped the city and
joined forces to fight the British.
Patriots who fought in normal clothing.
Their commander could have been:
Francis Marion
Thomas Sumter
Andrew Pickens
Loyalists who fought in red coats.
Their commander would have been:
King George III
(King of England)
 Francis Marion: He was a Patriot fighter. His nickname was “The Swamp Fox” because he led
attacks against the British through the swampy lowlands of SC.
 Thomas Sumter: His home was burned by the British, so he started a militia in the SC backcountry.
He was great at attacking by surprise and then disappearing into the woods. His hit and run tactics got
him the nickname “The Gamecock.”
 Andrew Pickens: Nickname was “The Wizard Owl” given by upcountry Native Americans. He joined
the militia after the British burned his farm. He led his men to victory in the Battle of Cowpens.
 Battle of King’s Mountain The British marched into Charles Town and threatened people to stay loyal to the King.
 Most men were not afraid and escaped to NC and Tennessee to gather more Patriots to
fight.
 They went back to SC and fought the British at King’s Mountain.
 The British tried to surrender but the Patriots ignored them.
 Almost all the British troops were killed.
 This battle was a turning point in the War.
 Battle of Cowpens
 The Patriots also won this battle.
 Andrew Pickens led the militia that fooled the British into thinking they were retreating.
 When the British chased the militia, they were led straight into the Continental Army!
 The British marched out of SC to the Virginia coast to be rescued by their navy.
 They were surrounded by the Continental Army at Yorktown.
 The British were forced to surrender here and the American Revolution was soon over.
The war came to an end when the British surrendered in Yorktown after the Battle of Cowpens!
Reading a map:
The first battle of the Revolutionary War in South Carolina was in Savannah.
The last battle of the Revolutionary War in South Carolina was the Battle of Cowpens.