Download The American Revolution (_____-______)

The American Revolution (_____-______)
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Name ________________________
April 1775 – American Revolution begins (____________vs._______________)
A. Lexington, Mass.– British wanted to capture radical leaders _____________&______________
1. Colonists warned by Paul Revere and William Dawes.
2. Minutemen -______________________________________
B. Concord, Massachusetts – British wanted to seize colonial guns and supplies
May 1775 – Second Continental Congress meets (__________________, President)
A. Final plea made to King ______________ (It is called the Olive Branch Petition)
B. Continental Congress made plans for war.
C. ___________________ chosen to command the Continental Army.
D. There was a call made for men and supplies to fight in the war.
July 1776 – Reasons for the Declaration of Independence
A. Colonists angered by George III’s hiring of Hessian soldiers.
B. This document would entitle captured American soldiers to be prisoners of war rather than
traitors to the King who could be tried for treason and hanged.
C. ___________________’s pamphlet “Common Sense” (published in January 1776) urged the
colonists to seek independence.
D. Colonists gained confidence when they inflicted heavy casualties on the British at the Battle of
Bunker Hill (June 1775). This battle, which was won by the ______________, was the first
major battle of the war.
E. Colonists believed independence would help them receive _______________________.
F. Footnote: On June 7, 1776 – Richard Henry Lee, a delegate to the Second Continental Congress,
rose at the meeting in Philadelphia and made the motion, “These colonies are, and of right ought
to be, _______ and ___________________________.” The motion was seconded by
_____________________________ of Massachusetts.
Basic Ideas of the Declaration of Independence (document adopted on _______________)
Author - __________________________. 56 delegates signed it.
Based upon the ideas of the English philosopher, ______________________, who nearly a century
before had defended the rights of the English to revolt against the king.
A. Philosophy of Gov’t
1. “________________________________________________________”
2. Gov’t gets all of its power from the governed.
3. If government goes against the people, the people have the right to change or end it and
set up a new government.
B. List of grievances against King ___________________
C. Conclusion - ___________________________________________________________________
D. Footnote: The ___________________________ was rung in Philadelphia, PA on July 8, 1776
to announce the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.
Colonists’ feelings towards the American Revolution
A. 1/3rd for independence – these people were called __________________ (lower and middle
class)
B. 1/3rd against independence – these people were called _________________(upper class:
merchants, land owners, and British officials)
C. 1/3rd didn’t fight – some small farmers and ______________________
Major Battles of the American Revolution
A. _______________________________ - 1775. Shots fired marked the opening of the war.
B. _______________________________ - 1775. First major battle; moral victory for the colonies;
British actually won the battle.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
C. ________________________, __________ - 1777. Turning point of the Revolution
1. Americans defeated the British here and captured General John Burgoyne.
2. _______________ government recognized American independence and signed a treaty
of alliance with the United States in 1778. This meant France openly would send men
and supplies to help the U.S. fight England.
D. ________________________, __________ - 1781 – final American victory in the Revolution.
British General ___________________ and 8,000 troops surrendered here. British navy was to
pick up the British, but they were cut off by the French navy.
_________________________________, _______ - treaty that ended the war. American delegates
sent to Paris to help with the terms of the treaty included Ben Franklin, John Jay, and John Adams.
A. Terms of the treaty:
1. ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. U.S. boundaries set: U.S. would stretch north to _____________; south to Spanish
owned _________________; and west to __________________________.
3. Americans promised to remove troops from American land.
(Terms 3 and 4 would not be honored and would be part of the reason the U.S. and
England would fight another war – The War of 1812.)
Reasons for American Victory
A. Americans fighting on their own soil, for their homes, and for freedom.
B. Americans were superior _________________ fighters.
C. Americans had outstanding leaders such as Washington, ___________________,
___________________, _____________________, and _________________________.
And….Americans had the help of foreign soldiers such as ______________________ from
France and ________________________ from Prussia. This Prussian had helped General
Washington train his men at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.
D. Foreign countries aided the U.S. in getting independence.
1. _____________
2. _____________
(These countries were enemies of England.)
3. _____________
E. In England, public opinion on the war was divided. People were tired of fighting. Many wanted
to let the colonies have independence rather than go to war again.
Wartime Problems Facing the Colonies
A. Providing a government (if the colonies broke from England, they had to have their own
government)
1. ________________________ (May 1775) – set up to act as the central gov’t for the
states
a. _____________________, President of this group
2. Congress got loans from foreign nations and from private citizens.
3. _______________________, a Jewish refugee from Russian rule in Poland and who
was also a New York banker, gave his entire fortune to the American cause.
4. _______________________, a Pennsylvania merchant and banker who served as
Superintendent of Finance, guaranteed government loans with his personal credit.
B. Maintaining an army
1. The Continental Army was made up of volunteers who served for short terms.
2. Most recruits were not properly __________________ or __________________.
3. There was not enough ____________________, _____________________, or
__________________________ for the American soldiers.
X.
Effects of the American Revolution
A. In the United States
1. _________________________ effects
a. 13 independent states loosely bound up by a central government _____________________________________ - the first US constitution
b. Most states drafted or wrote a new state constitution which included a
“___________________”
2. _________________________ effects
a. End of restriction on American __________________, _____________________,
and ________________________.
b. End of restriction on movement west of ________________________________.
c. Break up of large estates, especially those belonging to the ___________________.
d. Increase in number of small, independent _____________________________
e. End of ________________________ - English tradition whereby the oldest son
inherits all.
f. The war also brought problems: _________________________________ and
__________________________________________________ (high prices on goods)
3. _________________________ effects
a. Most states constitutions guaranteed separation of ________________ and
__________________.
b. Criminal punishment was made more ___________________________.
c. ____________________ in the North were gradually freed.
B. In France
The French hoped to overthrow the absolute monarchy (all-powerful king) in France and set up a
democratic government. So the American Revolution inspired the
_________________________ to take place shortly.
C. Latin America
The Spanish colonies in the Western Hemisphere were thrilled by the success of the American
Revolution. While Spain was involved in the Napoleonic Wars in Europe (1799 – 1815), the
Spanish colonies followed the example of the United States and revolted for independence and
democracy.
D. British Empire
1. The war discredited King ______________ and his efforts to make his position (king)
more powerful.
2. This led to a gradual change in Britain’s strict policy toward her other possessions. (By
the mid 1800’s, the British had abandoned the mercantilistic idea that colonies existed
solely to enrich the mother country. To prevent colonial rebellion and to encourage
colonial loyalty, Britain gradually extended self-gov’t throughout her empire starting
with Canada in 1867.)
Vocabulary: Define the following terms or words
1. Radical –
2. Hessian –
3. Treason –
4. Patriot –
5. constitution –
6. Loyalists -