Download unit 11 – animal physiology ii

UNIT 11 – ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY I
CIRCULATORY, RESPIRATORY, URINARY, IMMUNE, & ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS
Block Day, 4/6, 4/7 – Wed, 4/20
Unit Objectives
At the conclusion of this unit, you should be able to:
1. Describe the function of a circulatory system and compare to a gastrovascular system.
2. Distinguish between open and closed circulatory systems.
3. Define hemolymph, heart cycle, systole, and diastole.
4. Compare single and double circulation.
5. Trace a drop of blood through the human circulatory system including the chambers of the heart and the sequence of vessels
in a four chambered organism.
6. Describe the trends of development of the heart from two to four chambers and identify an organism with each.
7. Using heart rate and stroke volume, calculate cardiac output.
8. Identify the role of the SA and AV nodes in the regulation of the heart.
9. Define vasodilation and vasoconstriction and the conditions under which these may occur.
10. Compare the structures of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
11. Compare velocity and blood pressure in arteries, veins and capillaries.
12. Define blood pressure in arteries, veins and capillaries.
13. Sequence the process of blood clotting.
14. Identify the components of blood and the role of each.
15. Explain how osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure regulate the exchange of fluids and solutes across capillaries.
16. Compare HDL’s and LDL’s.
17. Compare processes used by air breathers and aquatic organisms.
18. Identify factors which regulate the breathing rate.
19. Define tidal, vital, and residual lung volumes.
20. Describe the Bohr effect as related to oxygen loading and interpret an oxygen dissociation curve.
21. Explain how the lymph system helps defend against infection.
22. Distinguish, by example, between osmoregulators and osmoconformers.
23. Identify the excretory structures used by protists, flatworms, segmented worms and vertebrates.
24. Relate the type of nitrogenous wastes produced to the amount of energy and water required to produce them and the
organisms that use each.
25. Label a diagram of a vertebrate excretory system, including a nephron and its structures.
26. Compare the contents of plasma, urine, and filtrate.
27. Identify innate (non-specific) defense mechanisms and how they work.
28. Describe the inflammatory response.
29. Compare primary and secondary immune responses.
30. Define self, non-self, antigen, antibodies, immunity vaccine, active and passive immunity.
31. Describe the structure and functions of antigens.
32. Define monoclonal antibodies, neutralization, agglutination, precipitation, and activation of complement system.
33. Describe disorders of the immune system.
34. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands.
35. Distinguish among the different types of chemical messengers.
36. Describe the relationships among endocrine system components; hormones, endocrine glands, target cells, and target cell
receptors.
37. List the three general classes of hormones and give examples of each.
38. Describe the mechanism of steroid hormone actions and explain the location and role of steroid hormone receptors.
39. Explain how nonsteroid hormones act via second messengers including the roles adenylate cyclase, CAMP, G proteins and
camp dependent protein kinase.
40. Explain how to account for the specificity in target cell response to hormonal signals.
41. Compare and contrast the two general modes of hormone action.
42. Describe the location of the pituitary and explain the functions of the posterior and anterior lobes.
43. List the hormones of the following glands and describe their roles; pituitary, pancreas, thyroid, pineal, adrenal gland, thymus,
parathyroid, and gonads.
Revised and reprinted with permission from Debbie Richards
Bryan ISD