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Name___________________________________ American Civ 9 Chapter 18 The Reconstruction Study Guide Date_________________ Point Value Approximately 50 points Types of Test Questions Vocabulary Matching Fill in the Blank Multiple Choice “Civil War Amendments” Table Short Answer Concepts to Study Section 1 First Steps to Reunion Vocabulary to Define Freedmen Men and women who had been slaves Amnesty Government pardon What was Reconstruction? (see notes) Rebuilding of the South after Reconstruction What were the three biggest problems that the South faced after the Civil War? (see text or notes) 1. returning soldiers needed jobs 2. farms/cities were ruined 3. Freed African Americans What was Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction called? Under this plan, what did the South have to do to rejoin the rest of the United States? (See chart on p. 484 or in notes) 10% Plan 10% of white men must swear loyalty to the Union; slavery must be abolished The moderate Republicans in Congress rejected Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction and came up with their own. What was it called and what did Southerners have to do to rejoin the rest of the United States? (See chart on p. 484 or in notes) Wade Davis Bill Majority of white men must swear loyalty to the Union Former Confederate soldiers or officers could not vote or hold political office Congress and Lincoln agreed to set up the Freedman’s Bureau to help newly freed slaves. According to the textbook, what were the five main things that the Freedman’s Bureau provided for freed slaves. Food, clothing, shelter, medical care, jobs, and education Who assassinated Lincoln? John Wilkes Booth Who succeeded Lincoln as President? Andrew Johnson What did the 13th Amendment do? Freed the slaves Section 2 Radical Reconstruction Define the following terms: Black codes Laws that severely limited the rights of African Radical Person who wants to make drastic changes to society Impeach Bring formal charges of wrongdoing against an elected an official What were the two main things guaranteed by the 14th Amendment? Anyone born in the U.S. was a citizen All citizens are entitled to equal protection under the law What was the name of the plan for Reconstruction proposed by the Radical Republicans and eventually passed by Congress and what did the southerners have to do before their states were allowed to rejoin the rest of the United States? (See chart on p. 484 or in notes) Reconstruction Act – Must disband state governments; must write new constitutions; must ratify 14th and 15th amendments What were the two main goals of the Radical Republicans? (text or notes) To get African Americans the right to vote Break the power of wealthy, white planters What did President Johnson want southern states to do under his plan for Reconstruction? (See chart on p. 484 or in notes.) Majority of white men must swear loyalty; must ratify 13th amendment; African Americans must be allowed to vote Why did the Radical Republicans try to impeach President Johnson? They feared that he would not implement Reconstruction laws. What did the 15th Amendment guarantee for African Americans? The right to vote Section 3 Changes in the South Define the following: Scalawags Southerners who complied with the North’s efforts towards reconstruction and who were seen as disloyal to the South. Carpetbaggers Profiteers who came South (Northerners who came South looking to make money in the South.) Sharecropper Freedmen who farmed the land in return for a share of the crops Ku Klux Klan A secret society who maintained power for the whites through violence to freedmen Conservatives They wanted the South to change as little as possible Did sharecroppers or farmers make much money? No, they were locked in a cycle of poverty. Section 4 Reconstruction Ends Identify the following terms: What were poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses? And what was there purpose? Poll taxes – required voters to pay a fee each time that they voted Literacy tests – required voters to read and write in order to be able to vote Grandfather clauses – state law saying a person could vote if his grandfather had been eligible to vote in 1867; increased white voters, excluded black voters Overall purpose of these laws were to exclude African Americans from voting Segregation Separation of the races in public Lynching Execution of a person by a mob; usually done by hanging What was the main reason that Reconstruction ended? Northerners lost interest What did the Plessy vs Ferguson Supreme Court case rule? Segregation is legal or “separate but equal is equal”