Download Molecules of Life Assignment

Biology 12
Assignment
Molecules of Life
Carbohydrates
1.
What are carbohydrates used for? (give 3 examples)
2.
Name and define three types of carbohydrates.
3.
What are the functional groups that form carbohydrates?
4.
How are carbohydrates named?
Lipids
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Proteins
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Differentiate between molecules that are hydrophobic and molecules that are hydrophilic.
What is a common difference between lipid molecules and carbohydrate molecules?
Compare the energy stored in a lipid to the energy stored in a carbohydrate.
What are the four families of lipids?
What are triglycerides made from?
Explain the difference between saturated, unsaturated and transfats.
Describe the composition of a phospholipid.
Why are cell membranes ideal for separating chemical reactions of the cell from the external
environment?
What is the composition of a protein? (atoms and name of the monomers)
How are peptide bonds formed?
What chemical reaction may be used to break these bonds?
What is a globular protein?
Describe the structure of a polypeptide chain.
Why can paraffin wax be used as a fuel source?
If you wanted to build a structure that was strong and durable, would you use a lipid,
carbohydrate or protein? Explain.
How may condensation reactions and hydrolysis reactions be linked to the process of digestion
synthesis?
Nucleic Acids
21.
What is the composition of a nucleic acid?
22.
What are the 3 types of nucleic acids? Explain why these macromolecules are useful.
23.
Name 3 differences between DNA and RNA molecules.
Biology 12
Molecules of Life:
Assignment:
Carbohydrates
1.
What are carbohydrates used for? (give 3 examples)
Energy (Cellular Respiration), Structure (cell wall), energy storage, cell surface markers
2.
Name three types of carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates
a. Monosaccharides: single/ simple sugar
b. Oligosaccharides: 2-3 simple sugars joined by covalent bonds (glycosidic linkages)
c. Polysaccharides: More than 3 simple sugars combined
3.
What are the molecular groups that form carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates have hydroxyl groups attached to a number of carbonyl groups.
a. Aldehyde have a H-C=O
b. Keytones have C=O
4.
How are carbohydrates named?
Carbohydrates are named by their number of carbons in the carbonyl group and their attached
aldehyde or keytone group.
Lipids
5.
Differentiate between molecules that are hydrophobic and molecules that are hydrophilic.
a. Hydrophobic: fear water
b. Hydrophilic: attracted to water
6.
What is a common difference between lipid molecules and carbohydrate molecules?
Lipid molecules have less O-H bonds than carbohydrate molecules
7.
Compare the energy stored in a lipid to the energy stored in a carbohydrate.
1g of carbohydrate stores 17KJ of energy. 1g of lipid stores 38KJ of energy. Lipids store more
than 2X the energy of carbs.
8.
What are the four families of lipids?
The four families of lipids are;
a. Fats
b. Phospholipids
c. Steroids
d. Waxes
9.
What triglycerides made from?
Made from plants and animals; contain 3 fatty acids and glycerol.
10.
Explain the difference between saturate, unsaturated and transfats.
Saturated fats: have single bonds between carbon atoms
Unsaturated Fats: have one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
Transfats: unsaturated fats with at least one double bond in a trans-configuration.
(an unsaturated fat that has bee re-bent straight)
11.
Describe the composition of a phospholipid.
Polar head(containing a phosphate group), glycerol and two fatty acids
12.
Why are cell membranes ideal for separating chemical reactions of the cell from the external
environment?
Fats do not mix with water and so are able to separate the different chemical reactions.
Proteins
13.
What is the composition of a protein?
Proteins are CHO and N. made of units of amino acids
14.
How are peptide bonds formed?
Peptide bonds are formed during a condensation reaction.
15.
What chemical reaction may be used to break these bonds?
Hydrolysis reaction: addition of H2O. OH- group joins to one molecule and the H+ joins to the
other.
16.
What is a globular protein?
Proteins composed of one or more peptide chains that take on a rounded shape
17.
Describe the structure of a polypeptide chain.
Several amino acids joined together.
18.
Why can paraffin wax be used as a fuel source?
Waxes are made from lipids and lipids store a lot of energy. Burning the wax releases the
energy.
19.
If you wanted to build a structure that was strong and durable, would you use a lipid,
carbohydrate or protein? Explain.
Lipid: water resistant
Protein: unsoluable, structural
Carbs: strong structures (cellulose)
20.
How may condensation reactions, and hydrolysis reactions be linked to the process of digestion
or synthesis?
Hydrolysis: digestion: water is added to break molecules onto smaller parts.
Condensation: synthesis: water is removed to join molecules together.
21.
What is the composition of a nucleic acid?
Polymers of nucleotides
22.
What are the 3 types of nucleic acids? Explain why these macromolecules are useful.
DNA is the information molecules (genetics)
RNA are the codes to create proteins
ATP is the energy molecule
23.
Name 3 differences between DNA and RNA molecules.
Sugar – deoxyribose vs. ribose
Bases – thymine vs. uracil
Double stranded vs. single stranded