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WORLD GEOGRAPHY FALL 2010 FINAL EXAM - Krs 1. The word “geography” comes from two Greek words - “geo” and “graphica ”- which mean____________. A. description of the Earth. B. study of the Earth C. the changing Earth D. none of the above 2. The study of the sum of language, art, laws and the customs of the people of the earth are known as ____________Geography. A. political B. physical C. cultural/human D. economic 3. Pick the right combination to complete the phrase. Geography asks _____________and _____________, while History asks __________and ___________. a. why and where, when and where b. where and when, when and why c. where and why, when and why d. when and why, where and when 4. This person is known as the “Father of Geography.” He was the first to attempt to measure the circumference of the earth with some success. A. Eratosthenes B. Homer C. Plato D. Ptolemy 5. Assess the relationship between NASA and the field of cartography. A. both would be interested in mapping the surface of the earth & moon. B. cartographers were never accurate until they had the use of satellite photos C. thanks to computers, NASA does not require the services of cartographers. D. cartography finally gained recognition as a profession because of NASA. 6. Population density refers to A. when people are distributed equally. B. the distribution of people in a particular area. C. when people are thinly spread out over a large space. D. when people are compacted into a small space. 7. Flat maps have a certain degree of distortion. The term distortion is most similar in meaning to A. discredit B. misrepresent C. resemble D. detect 8. Being critical of the way people dress in Burkina Faso would be an example of A. diffusion B. acculturation C. ethnocentrism D. assimilation 9. An example of a natural boundary would be _____________ and an example of an artificial boundary would be _____________. A. the Rio Grande; the Great Wall of China B. latitude lines; the Rocky Mountains C. the Berlin Wall; the Mississippi River D. longitude lines; the Great Salt Lake 10. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita is defined in its simplest form as A. the total amount of money a country spends in a year. B. the total value of all goods and services produced over a given period of time. C. the average amount of money earned by each person in a country. D. the average way of women whose primary employment is at home. 11 At this location, one can actually stand in two Hemispheres at one time. a. equator b. prime Meridian c. tropic of Capricorn d. north America 12. Cypress, Texas, and areas like “the South” would be considered what type of region? a. thematic region b. formal region c. relative region d. perceptual region 1 13. In this kind of map projection, Greenland is way too big but the distance between grid lines is correct, making it a good Choice for ship navigation A. B. C. D. . . . Azimuthal Mercator Mollewiede Robinson 2 A. B. C. D. acculturation. assimilation. cultural diversity. diffusion. 14. Historians are concerned with changes in ______, while geographers are concerned with changes in ______. A. politics; culture B. land, people C. industry; climate D. time; space 21. If you were in an earthquake that measured 2.2 on Richter scale, what should you do? a. stand near the strongest inside walls. b. get out of all structures immediately. c. nothing, you will barely notice it. d. quickly turn off all appliances. 15. Why were ancient maps “oriented” towards the east? A. Greece was east of China. B. Ancient Europeans had never traveled to the east. C. The sun rises in the east. D. None of the above. 22. A country that is landlocked is a country that A. has developed only land-based transportation B. has far more land than people to populate it. C. has no coast on the open sea. D. has only one coast on the open sea. FIELDS OF GEOGRAPHY (CULTURE) 16. Demography is the study of A. physical geography. B. population. C. climate. D. topography. 23. A conclusion drawn by the geographic distribution of developing countries is that A. climate is a major factor in economic success. B. population increases the most in mild climates. C. carrying capacity has been exceeded in the midlatitude countries. D. countries in the northern hemisphere have more resources. 17. The biggest problem incurred when creating a map from a globe is the fact that: A. the globe isn’t a perfect circle. B. the northern hemisphere is slightly larger than the southern hemisphere. C. it is impossible to see both hemispheres at once. D. transferring a three dimensional object to a flat surface causes distortion. 18. Houston goes on a “breathing alert” due to air pollution. You would apply the theme of ___________for this geographic information. A. human/environment interaction B. movement C. region D. place 19. People in India can now watch MTV produced in India by Indians. The best cultural term for this would be. A. diffusion B. innovation C. assimilation D. migration. 20. The process whereby immigrants from a minority culture take on the language and customs of the dominant culture is called 24. A geographic effect of the Irish Potato famine was A. the development of new farming methods. B. a change in the major crops grown in Ireland. C. a stricter inspection of Irish agricultural exports. D. the movement of Irish immigrants to many countries like the United States. 25. What is the most widely spoken business language in the world today? A. English B. French C. Mandarin Chinese D. Spanish 26. A people’s culture would include: A. food B. clothing C. language D. all of the above PAGE 3 2 foods and made it a part of their diet. This would be an example of: A. acculturation. B. innovation. C. diffusion. D. migration. 27. When Mexican immigrants brought their foods to America, many Americans discovered they liked “Mexican” 28. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the number of males and females, in the age group of 0-4 years? A. females outnumber males in both countries. B. males outnumber females in both countries. C. males outnumber females in Germany only. D. males outnumber females in Sweden . 29. Which of the following best describes the population trend shown in these pyramids? A. both Germany and Sweden have growing populations. B. gGermany has a growing population, while Sweden has a declining population. C. Germany has a declining population, while Sweden has a stable population. D. both Germany and Sweden have stable populations 3 30. Borger , Texas is located approximately 50 miles northeast of Amarillo. This is an example of: A. absolute location B. directional location C. relative location D. general location 31. In 1994, Rwandans left their country for other parts of Africa in the wake of a civil war. This is an example of a _________ factor. A. push factor B. pull factor 32. The address of the White House in Washington, DC, is 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW. This is an example of A. definite location. B. relative location. C. general location. D. absolute location. 4 36. All of the following are branches of the Christian faith except A. Orthodox B. Catholic C. Islam D. Protestant 37.. Houston is considered a major metropolitan area. What does this mean? a. the city limits of Houston exceeds two million people. b. that Houston and the surrounding cities and regions make up a major urban area. c. The region of southeast Texas is considered part of “greater Houston.” d. that Houston if overpopulated. 33. Two of the most well known locations in Houston are the Astrodome and NASA. These are examples of the theme of _______. A. place B. approximate location C. movement D. secondary 34. Urbanization is the A. pattern through which the customs of one city spread to other cities. B. dramatic rise in the number of cities and the resultant lifestyle changes. C. overdevelopment of exurban areas and overuse of natural resources. D. worldwide spread of advanced technologies. 38. This cartogram could have potential uses for all the following except A. to determine population. B. to measure the land area of the U.S. C. to measure income. D. to identify available healthcare . On a daily basis, more than 250,000 people are added to the earth’s population. Most are born in nations in the developing world. That means that 1 in 5 lives in absolute poverty. It is also a dramatic indicator of the reality of the population explosion of the past 200 years, which has been witness to a population increase from under 1 billion to 1700 to well over 6 billion in the first decade of the 21st century. 39. Geography has always played a major role in the location of cities. What was the common denominator to virtually all cities before the 1900’s? A. they were surrounded by walls for protection. B. they had to have farms located within their city limits for a food source. C. all major cities were located on rivers or bodies of fresh water. D. they had to avoid the coldest climates 35. Based on the information in the above paragraph, what is a characteristic of the developing world? A. low birth rates B. low rates of literacy C. stable infant mortality rates D. high fertility rates 40. The simple formula for determining if a country is “overpopulated” would b A. the population exceeds 1,000 people per square mile. B. a population over 10,000,000 people. C. a high infant mortality rate. D. the country has exceeded its carrying capacity 4 USA/CANADA 5 41. Which of the following is not considered a pull factor for immigration? A. higher wages B. war C. freedom D. better standard of living 42. The majority of early U.S. immigration came from which continent? A. Asia B. Europe C. Africa D. Latin America 43. Since 1900, the U.S. has evolved from a predominantly agricultural economy to one which is overwhelmingly driven by A. primary activities. B. secondary activities. C. tertiary activities. D. quaternary activities. 44. Why has the U.S. not exceeded its carrying capacity? A. most of the population lives west of the Mississippi River. B. there is a continuous migration from the U.S. to other countries. C. the U.S. has benefited from advances in agricultural technology. D. there is still available land that has not been settled. 45. The essence of the Megalopolis concept is: A. New York City is the most important City in the USA. B. a group of cities that are roughly the same size C. they are the six largest cities in the USA D. a unique line of large, closely spaced, interlocking metropolitan areas. 46. The rivers of North America flow eastward or westward at the Continental Divide because A. it is situated along the highest points of the Rocky Mountains. B. the Rocky Mountains have not yet experienced significant erosion. C. the rivers mark areas of mineral deposits. D. the environment was artificially altered to improve water flow to agricultural areas. 47. The sub-region of the USA most aided by the development of irrigation and air conditioning was A. the South. B. the West. C. the Midwest. D. the Northeast. 48. The basic facilities, services and transportation (bridges, roads, electricity etc..) necessary for a community to grow are known as A. coalition. B. smart growth. C. sustainability. D. infrastructure. 49. Which of the following makes up the largest body of freshwater in North America? A. Great Salt Lake B. Hudson Bay C. Gulf of Mexico D. Great Lakes 50. The most logical solution for stemming the tide of illegal immigration in both the U.S. and Europe is to a. imprison anyone who enters a country illegally. b. build walls along the border. c. deport all illegal aliens immediately. d. help the governments of poor countries better their economies and provide jobs there. 51. One of the most important legacies of the Dust Bowl of the 1930’s includes A. the majority of the central U.S. still having poor farmland. B. the migration of millions of Americans from the Great Plains to the West Coast. C. the fact that most of the Great Plains is still covered in dust. D. American farmers permanently abandoned the central U.S. 52. Houston is a major refiner of petroleum products. If raw crude is shipped to a refinery and converted into automobile grade gasoline, what sector of the economy would this be? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary 53. A commonly accepted theory regarding the early settlers of North America states that nomads A. used large ships to land along the northwest coast of the U.S. B. migrated from the tip of South America and traveled north to Canada. C. migrated using a “land bridge” between Asia and Alaska. D. migrated across the Pacific by moving from one island to another. 5 54. The fall-line in the Northeast part of the United States has both positive and negative characteristics. Which of the following was the most important charaterctistic for early U.S. cities? a. the fall-line was harnessed to create water power to fuel factories during industrialization b. the fall-line was used to irrigate the flood plains in the area to grow food c. the fall-line was a convenient and efficient way for ships to navigate westward d. the fall-line provided lumber mills a quick route to ship timber to market. Canada 55. Roughly three-fourths of all French Canadians live in A. Quebec. B. Ontario. C. Alberta. D. Toronto. 6 61. Compared to other regions of the world with similar latitudes, why does northern Europe have a relatively mild climate? A. the North Atlantic Drift current moderates European temperatures. B. Europe has a lower elevation than comparable regions. C. the many peninsulas of Europe provide for cool winters and warm summers. D. none of the above. 62. For thousands of years the __________ was called the Gateway to the Mediterranean since it was the only way to enter that body of water. a. Bosporus Strait b. Strait of Hormuz c. English Channel d. Strait of Gibraltar 56. Where is most of Canada’s population located? A. in the general area of Toronto. B. along the west coast where the most mild weather is found. C. within 100 miles of the U.S. border. D. in Manitoba and Alberta near the oil fields. 63. Athens, Greece, developed the basis for the form of government known as A. monarchy. B. republic. C. democracy. D. feudalism. 57. Canada and the U.S. share all of the following except A. both are democracies. B. both were former British colonies. C. both have territory extending across a broad range of latitudes. D. both have large populations. 64. Which of the following is not a reason why Europe is ideally suited for trade by sea? A. It has a jagged, irregular coastline. B. It has deep natural harbors. C. It has navigable rivers that travel deep into the interior. D. It has a system of canals created by polders. EUROPE 58. The spread of the “black death” or Bubonic plague in the Middle Ages in Europe is a perfect example of A. human- environment interaction. B. diffusion. C. acculturation. D. xenophobia. 59. Geographers consider the dividing line between Europe and Asia to be a. the Volga River. b. the Ural Mountains. c. the Central Siberian Plain. d. the Caucasus Mountains. 60. Which of these physical features contributed most to the development of ethnic differences in Europe? A. seas B. islands C. mountains D. plains 65. As in the USA, the Industrial Revolution created a major population shift in Europe by A. reducing the urban population. B. providing more jobs on communal farms. C. drawing workers from farms to the factories. D. developing the first suburbs in Europe. 66. The phrase “The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire” referred to the fact that A. at one time, the British Empire encompassed nearly 75% of the world. B. the empire was so widespread that the sun was always shining on some part of the empire. C. most of the colonies of the empire were found in the Southern Hemisphere. D. as long as there was a sun in the sky, the British would continue their quest for power and land. 6 67. Why were the first Olympic competitions in Greece rather than in regions of Northern Europe? A. the Greeks were the first real athletes. B. Greece had a mild Mediterranean climate. C. there were several rivers to make transportation to the games easier. D. the mountains of Greece blocked the cold winds from the Mediterranean Sea. 68. All of the following are political units of the United Kingdom except A. England. B. Wales. C. Northern IrelandIreland. D. Ireland. 69. . When viewing a current population pyramid of most European countries, what potential problem might you find? A. an increase in immigration to the U.S. B. too few workers for jobs required. C. too many workers for not enough jobs. D. an increase in infant mortality rates. 70. What is the goal of the IRA? A. they want Northern Ireland to unify with the Republic of Ireland. B. they want to remain loyal to the UK. C. they want to establish a separate Republic of Northern Ireland. D. they want Ireland to join the European Union. 71. The term used to describe an area like Northern Ireland that pitted the large Catholic and Protestant populations against each other would be A. a shatterblet B. genocide C. Balkanization D. the cold war 7 72. The conflict in Northern Ireland is based on the fact that some 40% of the region is __________while the majority was _______________. a. Catholic, Protestant b. Protestant, Catholic c. Baptists, Catholic d. Catholic, Baptist e. Catholic, Muslim 73. After World War II, the economies of several nations in Eastern Europe were controlled by _________until the 1990’s. A. Germany. B. Yugoslavia. C. the Soviet Union. D. the United Kingdom. 74. The purpose of the “Iron Curtain” was to A. prevent an invasion of the Soviet Union from the “West”. B. build a wall to protect against Russian invasion of France. C. create an ideological barrier between the communist East and democratic West. D. prevent British and French tourists from entering the Soviet Union. 75. Which of the following was a reason the Berlin Wall was constructed in the German Democratic Republic? (East Germany) A. To prevent illegal immigration into East Germany. B. To secure its borders against the threat of terrorism. C. To prevent riots started by communist agitators. D. To stop the flow of economic refugees to the West. 76. Which of the following was Serbia’s policy towards Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Muslims and Croats? A. Peaceful coexistence. B. Divide and conquer. C. Ethnic cleansing. D. Diplomatic negotiation. 77. The “ethnic groups” in Bosnia that were in conflict with one another included all of the following excpet A. Croatian B. Serbian C. Italian D. Muslim 7 78. The term “Balkanization” reflects the reality in the former country of Yugoslavia in that A. Yugoslavia broke into several smaller, hostile countries. B. a civil war split the country in two C. The “Yugos” conquered all the countries surrounding them. D. The European Union stepped in to halt the war before many people died. 79. According to many of the young Bosnians in the film Bosnia 101, what do they see as the real problem in Bosnia? a. The conflict is over territory not religion. b. They want the country united into a single Yugoslavia again. c. It is a fight over regional responsibility. d. It is a very personal war of language. 80. The primary goal of the European Union today is to A. create a powerful United States of Europe. B. . to break down trade barriers and get rid of tariffs within member countries. C. . to act as a competitor to the strong U.S. economy. D. . to prevent any future wars in Europe. 81. The “ticking time bomb” that Europeans have to deal with now and in the future involves A. the growing Muslim population in Europe. B. the fear of another Russian invasion. C. conflict between member states of the European Union. D. the fear of another potential world war. RUSSIA AND THE REPUBLICS 82. The region known for frigid temperatures, its many natural resources and the location of many Soviet era prisons is called a. Siberia. b. Georgia c. Russia, d. Kazakhstan 83. In the Soviet Union, the government controlled production, prices and wages. This kind of economic system is known as a A. market economy. B. mixed economy. C. command economy. D. demand economy. 8 84. The rule of the czars was ended by A. Peter the Great. B. the Russian Revolution. C. Western exploration. D. Mikhail Gorbachev. 85. The nation formed by the Communist Party in 1922 was known as A. Russia. B. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. C. United Soviet States of Russia. D. Special Soviet Republics. 86. The conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union was called __________ because of the ideological dispute and climate of distrust between the two nations. A. the Cold War B. the Battle of the Baltics C. glasnost D. perestroika. 87. Which of the following terms is used to describe the idea that increasing distances between places tends to reduce interactions among them? A. mutually assured destruction. B. distance decay. C. brinksmanship. D. distance expansion. 88. Think! Why would a country with a vast coastline like Russia be considered almost landlocked? A. there are no ports on the Russian coasts. B. most of the major ports of Russia are frozen and thus impassable in the winter. C. Russia’s crude infrastructure hasn’t taken advantage of the coastline. D. the former Soviet Union didn’t have the financial resources to build adequate ports. 89. The word czar (tsar) means A. an emperor. B. an aristocrat. C. a noble. D. a president. 90. A main goal of communism is to A. remove all government interference from the daily lives of citizens. B. allow supply and demand to determine market value. C. maximize worker productivity through profit incentives. D. eliminate social inequality through the redistribution of wealth. 8 91. When it comes to operating a business, the most striking difference between communism and capitalism is A. there is no profit motive under capitalism. B. there is no profit motive under communism. C. most communists are content with higher wages and less freedom. D. most capitalists are content with higher wages and less freedom. 92. The “gulag” in Russia was used by both the Russian Empire and Communists as A. a testing ground for nuclear weapons B. a summer vacation area for aristocrats C. the location of major resources D. a site for a number of harsh prisons 93. Russia and the former Soviet Republics are rich in a number of natural resources. However, they have not taken advantage of them for all of the following reasons, except A. population density is greater in European Russia while natural resources are most abundant in Siberia. B. lack of infrastructure inhibits adequate transportation and distribution systems. C. temperature extremes limit access to warm water ports. D. ethnic and religious conflicts have prevented the development of natural resources. 94. Merry Christmas. According to Mr. Sandefur, the most important class you will take in high school regarding what makes the world “tick” yesterday, today and tomorrow would be A. World and Human Geography B. anything else 95. The picture above would be the best example of _____________in Russia. A. assimilation B. ethnocentrism C conservative migration D. globalization 9 96. The unique onion domes found on Russian Orthodox churches, like St. Basil’s in Moscow, are an example of the geographic theme of A. location. B. place. C. human-environment interaction. D. region. 97. On April 26, 1986 the world’s worst nuclear power plant accident occurred at Chernobyl. This event was caused by A. sabotage by Chechen separatists. B. increased demand for nuclear energy in Kiev. C. poor plant design and human error. D. an earthquake in the Caucasus. 98. Capitalism is to a market economy as ____________ is to a command economy. A. socialism B. democracy C. communism D. nationalism 99. The shrinking of the Aral Sea can best be attributed to A. the diversion of river water to irrigate cotton farms. B. high levels of radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident. C. increasing temperatures caused by global warming. D. the deforestation of the taiga. 100. The experience with both the Aral Sea and Chernobyl clearly show how A. dangerous nuclear weapons are. B. the earth creates its own natural disasters that can greatly affect how people live. C. human activity can cause environmental problems that greatly affect people’s lives. D. the Earth is constantly changing. Continued on next page 9 10 Match the item with the corresponding letter on the map. There may be several of the same letters on the map. Only be concerned with the item and letter you are matching. MAP ITEM LIST #101-150 Countries 101 Canada 102 United Kingdom 103 Spain 104. Iceland 105. Sweden 106. Germany 107. France 108. Italy 109. Poland 110. Russia 111. Ukraine 112. Kazakhstan 113. Bosnia 114. Ireland 115. Norway Cities and Capitals 116. Los Angeles 117. Miami 118. New York City 119. Ottawa 120. Sarajevo 121. Athens 122. Berlin 123. London 124. Rome 125. Moscow 126. Kiev 127. Paris Bodies of Water 128. Hudson Bay 129. Great Salt Lake 130. Missouri R. 131. Ohio River 132. Mississippi R. 133. Baltic Sea 134. North Sea 135. Strait of Gibraltar 136. Danube R. 137. Rhine R. 138. Strait of Gibraltar 139. Black Sea 140. Bosporus St. 141. Caspian Sea 142. Volga R. Landforms 143. Rocky Mtns. 144. Appalachian Mtns. 145. Alps Mtns. 146. Sicily 147. Caucasus Mts. 148. Pyrenees Mtns. 149. Mt. Vesuvius 150. Ural Mtns. 10 11