Download FALL 2009 FINAL EXAM - Krs

WORLD GEOGRAPHY
FALL 2009 FINAL EXAM - Krs
1. The word “geography” comes from two
Greek words - “geo” and “graphica ”- which
mean____________.
A. description of the Earth.
B. study of the Earth
C. the changing Earth
D. none of the above
2. The study of the sum of language, art, laws and the
customs of the people of the earth are known as
____________Geography.
A. political
B. physical
C. cultural/human
D. economic
3. The most important question a Geographer
can ask is
A. How and why
B. When and how
C. Where and why
D. When and why
4. This person is known as the “Father of Geography.” He
wrote a book called Geographica and was the first to
attempt to measure the circumference of the earth.
A. Eratosthenes
B. Homer
C. Plato
D. Ptolemy
What would be an example of cartography
5. Assess the relationship between NASA and the field of
cartography.
A. Both would be interested in mapping the
surface of the earth & moon.
B. Cartographers were never accurate until they
had the use of satellite photos
C. Thanks to computers, NASA does not require
the services of cartographers.
D. Cartography finally gained recognition as a
profession because of NASA.
7. The term distortion is most similar in meaning to
A. discredit
B. misrepresent
C. resemble
D. detect
8. Being critical of the way people dress in Burkina Faso
would be an example of
A. diffusion
B. acculturation
C. ethnocentrism
D. assimilation
9. An example of a natural boundary would be
_____________ and an example of an artificial boundary
would be _____________.
A. the Rio Grande; the Great Wall of China
B. latitude lines; the Rocky Mountains
C. the Berlin Wall; the Mississippi River
D. longitude lines; the Great Salt Lake
10. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita is defined in
its simplest form as
A. the total amount of money a country spends in a
year.
B. the total value of all goods and services
produced over a given period of time.
the average amount of money earned by each
person in a country.
the average way of women whose primary
employment is at home.
11. Russia and the United States are both located in the
A. Eastern Hemisphere.
B. Western Hemisphere.
C. Northern Hemisphere.
D. Southern Hemisphere.
6. Population density refers to
A. when people are distributed equally.
B. the distribution of people in a particular area.
C. when people are thinly spread out over a large
space.
D. when people are compacted into a small space.
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12. In this kind of map projection, Greenland is way too big
but the distance between grid lines is correct, making it a good .
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choice for ship navigation.
A. Azimuthal
B. Mercator
C. Mollewiede
D. Robinson
13. Historians are concerned with changes in ______, while
geographers are concerned with changes in ______.
A. politics; culture
B. land, people
C. industry; climate
D. time; space
14. Why were ancient maps “oriented” towards the east?
A. Greece was east of China.
B. Ancient Europeans had never traveled to the east.
C. The sun rises in the east.
D. None of the above.
FIELDS OF GEOGRAPHY (CULTURE)
15. Demography is the study of
A. physical geography.
B. population.
C. climate.
D. topography.
16. The biggest problem incurred when creating a map from a
globe is the fact that:
A. the globe isn’t a perfect circle.
B. the northern hemisphere is slightly larger than the
southern hemisphere.
C. it is impossible to see both hemispheres at once.
D. transferring a three dimensional object to a flat surface
causes distortion.
17. Houston goes on a “breathing alert” due to air pollution.
You would apply the theme of
___________for this
geographic information.
A. human/environment interaction
B. movement
C. region
D. place
18. People in India can now watch MTV
produced in India by Indians. The best cultural term
for this would be.
A. diffusion
B. innovation
C. assimilation
D. migration.
19. Which term names a process by which moving masses of
ice change the topography of a region?
A. erosion
B. chemical weathering
C. glaciation
D. sedimentation
20. The process whereby immigrants from a minority culture
take on the language and customs of the dominant culture is
called
A. acculturation.
B. assimilation.
C. cultural diversity.
D. diffusion.
21. A country that is landlocked is a country that
A. has developed only land-based transportation
B. has far more land than people to populate it.
C. has no coast on the open sea.
D. has only one coast on the open sea.
22. A conclusion drawn by the geographic distribution of
developing countries is that
A. climate is a major factor in economic success.
B. population increases the most in mild climates.
C. carrying capacity has been exceeded in the midlatitude countries.
D. countries in the northern hemisphere have more
resources.
23. A geographic effect of the Irish Potato famine was
A. the movement of Irish immigrants to many
countries like the United States.
B. the development of new farming methods.
C. a change in the major crops grown in Ireland.
D. a stricter inspection of Irish agricultural exports.
24. What is the most widely spoken business language in the
world today?
A. English
B. French
C. Mandarin Chinese
D. Spanish
25. A people’s culture would include:
A. food
B. clothing
C. language
D. all of the above
26. The famous trade route the Silk Road that went from China
to the Mediterranean Sea is a good example of the geographic
term
A. assimilation.
B. diffusion
C. xenophobia
D. infrastructure
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27. Which age group in Sweden has the largest number of
females?
A. 35-39
B. 40-44
C. 45-49
D. 50-54
28. Which of the following best describes the relationship
between the number of males and females, in the age group
of 0-4 years?
A. Females outnumber males in both countries.
B. Males outnumber females in both countries.
C. Males outnumber females in Germany only.
D. Males outnumber females in Sweden
29. Which of the following best describes the population
trends shown by these pyramids?
A. Both Germany and Sweden have growing
populations.
B. Germany has a growing population, while
Sweden has a declining population.
C. Germany has a declining population, while
Sweden has a stable population.
D. Both Germany and Sweden have stable
populations.
30. Borger , Texas is located approximately 50 miles
northeast of Amarillo. This is an example of:
A. absolute location
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B. directional location
C. relative location
D. general location
31. In 1994, Rwandans left their country for other parts
of Africa in the wake of a civil war. This is an example
of a _________ factor.
A. push factor
B. pull factor
32. The address of the White House in Washington, DC,
is 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW. This is an example of
A. definite location.
B. relative location.
C. general location.
D. absolute location.
33. Two of the most well known locations in Houston
are the Astrodome and NASA. These are examples of
the theme of _______.
A. place
B. approximate location
C. movement
D. secondary
34. Urbanization is the
A. pattern through which the customs of one
city spread to other cities.
B. dramatic rise in the number of cities and the
resultant lifestyle changes.
C. overdevelopment of exurban areas and
overuse of natural resources.
D. worldwide spread of advanced technologies.
On a daily basis, more than 250,000 people are added to
the earth’s population. Most are born in nations in the
developing world. That means that 1 in 5 lives in
absolute poverty. It is also a dramatic indicator of the
reality of the population explosion of the past 200 years,
which has been witness to a population increase from
under 1 billion to 1700 to well over 6 billion in the first
decade of the 21st century.
35. Based on the information in the above paragraph,
what is a characteristic of the developing world?
A. low birth rates
B. low rates of literacy
C. stable infant mortality rates
D. high fertility rates
36. Which of the following is not considered one of the
themes of geography?
A. Place
B. Location
C. Human- Environment Interaction
D. Culture
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37.. Houston is considered a major metropolitan
area. What does this mean?
a. the city limits of Houston exceeds
two million people.
b. that Houston and the surrounding cities
and regions make up a major urban
area.
c. The region of southeast Texas is
considered part of “greater Houston.”
d. that Houston if overpopulated.
38. This cartogram could have potential uses for all the
following except
A. to determine population.
B. to measure the land area of the U.S.
C. to measure income.
D. to identify available healthcare .
39. Geography has always played a major role in the
location of cities. What was the common
denominator to virtually all cities before the 1900’s?
a. they were surrounded by walls for
protection.
b. they had to have farms located within their
city limits for a food source.
c. all major cities were located on rivers or
bodies of fresh water.
d. they had to avoid the coldest climates
USA/CANADA
40. Which of the following is not considered a pull
factor for immigration?
A. higher wages
B. war
C. freedom
D. better standard of living
41. The majority of early U.S. immigration came from
which continent?
A. Asia
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B. Europe
C. Africa
D. Latin America
42. Since 1900, the U.S. has evolved from a
predominantly agricultural economy to one which is
overwhelmingly driven by
A. primary activities.
B. secondary activities.
C. tertiary activities.
D. quaternary activities.
43. Why has the U.S. not exceeded its carrying
capacity?
A. Most of the population lives west of the
Mississippi River.
B. There is a continuous migration from the
U.S. to other countries.
C. The U.S. has benefited from advances in
agricultural technology.
D. There is still available land that has not been
settled.
44. What is the relationship between the Erie Canal and
the St. Lawrence Seaway?
A. Both waterways provide a water route from
the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
B. The Erie Canal was built to replace the
much older St. Lawrence Seaway.
C. The St. Lawrence Seaway connects Canada
to the Great Lakes while the Erie Canal
connects the united States. to the Atlantic
Ocean.
D. Both are man made waterways that provide
routes from the Atlantic to the Great Lakes.
45. The United States is able to feed its own population
and export food to much of the world as a result of
A. large areas of fertile soil.
B. early mechanization of American farms.
C. a favorable climate.
D. All of the above.
46. The rivers of North America flow eastward or
westward at the Continental Divide because
A. it is situated along the highest points of the
Rocky Mountains.
B. the Rocky Mountains have not yet
experienced significant erosion.
C. the rivers mark areas of mineral deposits.
D. the environment was artificially altered to
improve water flow to agricultural areas.
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47. The sub-region of the USA most aided by the
development of irrigation and air conditioning was
A.
B.
C.
D.
the South.
the West.
the Midwest.
the Northeast.
48. The basic facilities, services and transportation
necessary for a community to grow are known as
A. infrastructure.
B. coalition.
C. smart growth.
D. sustainability.
49. Which of the following makes up the largest body of
freshwater in North America?
A. Great Salt Lake
B. Hudson Bay
C. Gulf of Mexico
D. Great Lakes
50. How did the U.S. change with the Louisiana
Purchase?
A. the US borders ranged from the Atlantic
to the Pacific.
B. The U.S. became a superpower.
C. It lost vast amounts of lands to Native
Americans.
D. The US took over larger regions of Canada.
51. One of the most important legacies of the Dust Bowl
of the 1930’s includes
A. the majority of the central U.S. still having
poor farmland.
B. the migration of millions of Americans from
the Great Plains to the West Coast.
C. the fact that most of the Great Plains is still
covered in dust.
D. American farmers permanently abandoned
the central U.S.
52. Houston is a major refiner of petroleum products. If
raw crude is shipped to a refinery and converted into
automobile grade gasoline, what sector of the economy
would this be?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
53. A commonly accepted theory regarding the early
settlers of North America states that nomads
A. used large ships to land along the northwest
coast of the U.S.
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B. migrated using a “land bridge” between Asia
and Alaska.
C. migrated across the Pacific by moving from
one island to another.
D. migrated from the tip of South America and
traveled north to Canada.
54. The economy of the U.S. is run on a free enterprise
system, in which
A. goods and services are sold at the highest
profit margin possible.
B. the government retains strict controls over
businesses, resources and technology.
C. businesses, resources and technology are
worker-owned and operated.
D. the government exerts little control over
businesses, resources and technology operated
for profit by private individuals.
Canada
55. Roughly three-fourths of all French Canadians live in
A. Quebec.
B. Ontario.
C. Alberta.
D. Toronto.
56. Where is most of Canada’s population located?
A. in the general area of Toronto.
b. along the west coast where the most mild
weather is found.
c. within 100 miles of the U.S. border.
d. in Manitoba and Alberta near the oil fields.
B. Europe has a lower elevation than
comparable regions.
C. The many peninsulas of Europe provide for
cool winters and warm summers.
D. none of the above.
60. Which of these physical features contributed most to
the development of ethnic differences in Europe?
A. Seas
B. Islands
C. Mountains
D. Plains
61. The phrase “The Sun Never Sets on the British
Empire” referred to the fact that
A. at one time, the British Empire encompassed
nearly 75% of the world.
B. the empire was so widespread that the sun
was always shining on some part of the empire.
C. most of the colonies of the empire were
found in the Southern Hemisphere.
D. as long as there was a sun in the sky, the
British would continue their quest for power
and land.
62. Why were the first Olympic competitions in
Greece rather than in other regions of Europe?
a. the Greeks were the first real athletes.
b. Greece had a mild Mediterranean climate.
c. there were several rivers to make
transportation to the games easier.
d. the mountains of Greece blocked the cold
winds from the Mediterranean Sea.
57. Canada and the U.S. share all of the following except
A. both are democracies.
B. both were former British colonies.
C. both have territory extending across a broad
range of latitudes.
D. both have large populations.
EUROPE
58. The spread of the “black death” or Bubonic plague
in the Middle Ages in Europe is a perfect example of
A. human- environment interaction.
B. diffusion.
C. acculturation.
D. xenophobia.
59. Compared to other regions of the world with similar
latitudes, why does Europe have a relatively mild
climate?
A. The North Atlantic Drift current moderates
European temperatures.
63. . When viewing a current population pyramid of
most European countries, what potential problem
might you find?
a. An increase in immigration to the U.S.
b. Too few workers for jobs required.
c. Too many workers for not enough jobs.
d. An increase in infant mortality rates.
64. All of the following are political units of the United
Kingdom except
A. England.
B. Ireland.
C. Northern Ireland.
D. Wales.
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D. feudalism.
65. Which is not a goal of the European Union today ?
A. create a modern nation-state on the
continent.
B. to break down trade barriers within member
countries.
C. to be a competitive force with the U.S.
economically.
D. to prevent future wars from erupting in
Europe.
66. What is the goal of the IRA?
A. They want to remain loyal to the UK.
B. They want Northern Ireland to unify with the
Republic of Ireland.
C. They want to establish a separate Republic of
Northern Ireland.
D. They want Ireland to join the European
Union.
67. The term used to describe an area like Northern
Ireland that pitted the large Catholic and Protestant
populations against each other would be
A. a shatterblet
B. genocide
C. Balkanization
D. the cold war
68. After World War II, the economies of several nations
in Eastern Europe were controlled by _________until the
1990’s.
A. Germany.
B. Yugoslavia.
C. the Soviet Union.
D. the United Kingdom.
69. Which of these ethnic groups in Bosnia is not
predominately Christian?
A. Croatian
B. Serbian
C. Italian
D. Bosnian
70. The term “Balkanization” reflects the reality in the
former country of Yugoslavia in that
A. Yugoslavia broke into several smaller,
hostile countries.
B. a civil war split the country in two
C. The “Yugos” conquered all the countries
surrounding them.
D. The European Union stepped in to halt the
war before many people died.
71. Athens, Greece, developed the basis for the form of
government known as
A. monarchy.
B. republic.
C. democracy.
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72. The purpose of the “Iron Curtain” was to
A. prevent an invasion of the Soviet Union
from the “West”.
B. build a wall to protect against Russian
invasion of France.
C. create an ideological barrier between the
communist East and democratic West.
D. prevent British and French tourists from
entering the Soviet Union.
73. Which of the following was a reason the Berlin Wall
was constructed in the German Democratic Republic?
A. To prevent illegal immigration into East
Germany.
B. To secure its borders against the threat of
terrorism.
C. To prevent riots started by communist
agitators.
D. To stop the flow of economic refugees to the
West.
74. As in the USA, the Industrial Revolution created a
major population shift in Europe by
A. reducing the urban population.
B. providing more jobs on communal farms.
C. drawing workers from farms to the factories.
D. developing the first suburbs in Europe.
75. To what was Winston Churchill referring when he
said, “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the
Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the
Continent”?
A. The construction of the Berlin Wall by the
Soviets.
B. The horrors perpetrated by Nazis during the
Holocaust.
C. The damaging effects of the Chernobyl
nuclear accident.
D. The ideological division between Western
democracies and Soviet communism.
76. Which of the following is not a reason why Europe
is ideally suited for trade by sea?
A. It has a jagged, irregular coastline.
B. It has deep natural harbors.
C. It has navigable rivers that travel deep into
the interior.
D. It has a system of canals created by polders.
77. What significant event within Europe is celebrated
annually on their 9/11?
A. The official creation of the
European Union.
B. The destruction of the Berlin Wall.
C. The Cold War ended on this date.
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D. The Dayton Peace Accord was signed and
ended the conflict in Bosnia.
78. Which of the following was Serbia’s policy towards
Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Muslims and Croats?
A. Peaceful coexistence.
B. Divide and conquer.
C. Ethnic cleansing.
D. Diplomatic negotiation.
79. Choose the answer that best indicates the country
and reason for not wanting to become a member of the
European Union.
A. United Kingdom; they refuse to convert their
currency to the Euro.
B. Poland; they prefer to remain neutral in all
conflicts.
C. Norway; they do not want to share fishing
rights in the North Sea with other members.
D. Turkey; they see no economic benefit in
joining the EU.
RUSSIA AND THE REPUBLICS
80. The region known for frigid temperatures, its
many natural resources and the location of many
Soviet era prisons (the Gulag) is called
a. Siberia.
b. Georgia
c. Russia,
d. Kazakhskstan
81. Geographers consider the dividing line between
Europe and Asia to be
a. the Volga River.
b. the Ural Mountains.
c. the Central Siberian Plain.
d. the Caucasus Mountains.
82. In the Soviet Union, the government controlled
production, prices and wages. This kind of economic
system is known as a
A. market economy.
B. mixed economy.
C. command economy.
D. demand economy.
83. The rule of the czars was ended by
A. Peter the Great.
B. the Russian Revolution.
C. Western exploration.
D. Mikhail Gorbachev.
84. The nation formed by the Communist Party in 1922
was known as
A. Russia.
B. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
C. United Soviet States of Russia.
D. Special Soviet Republics.
85. The conflict between the United States and the
Soviet Union was called __________ because of the
ideological dispute and climate of distrust between the
two nations.
A. the Cold War
B. the Battle of the Baltics
C. glasnost
D. perestroika.
86. Which of the following terms is used to describe the
idea that increasing distances between places tends to
reduce interactions among them?
A. mutually assured destruction.
B. distance decay.
C. brinksmanship.
D. distance expansion.
87. Think! Why would a country with a vast
coastline like Russia be considered almost
landlocked?
a. there are no ports on the Russian coasts.
b. most of the major ports of Russia are
frozen and thus impassable in the winter.
c. Russia’s crude infrastructure hasn’t
taken advantage of the coastline.
d. the former Soviet Union didn’t have the
financial resources to build adequate
ports.
88. The word czar (tsar) means
A. an emperor.
B. an aristocrat.
C. a noble.
D. a president.
89. A main goal of communism is to
A. eliminate social inequality through the
redistribution of wealth.
B. allow supply and demand to determine
market value.
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C. maximize worker productivity through profit
incentives.
D. remove all government interference from the
daily lives of citizens.
90. When it comes to operating a business, the most
striking difference between communism and capitalism
is
A. there is no profit motive under capitalism.
B. there is no profit motive under communism.
C. most communists are content with higher
wages and less freedom.
D. most capitalists are content with higher
wages and less freedom.
91. Russia and the former Soviet Republics are rich in a
number of natural resources. However, they have not
taken advantage of them for all of the following reasons,
except
A. population density is greater in European
Russia while natural resources are most
abundant in Siberia.
B. lack of infrastructure inhibits adequate
transportation and distribution systems.
C. temperature extremes limit access to warm
water ports.
D. ethnic and religious conflicts have prevented
the development of natural resources.
92. The geography of the Caucasus region has
made it important historically as a
a. land people wanted to settle on.
b. tourist attraction with sandy beaches.
c. a “gateway” for migration between Asia
and Europe.
d. important source of diamonds and gold.
93. The shrinking of the Aral Sea can best be attributed
to
A. the diversion of river water to irrigate cotton
farms.
B. high levels of radioactive fallout from the
Chernobyl accident.
C. increasing temperatures caused by global
warming.
D. the deforestation of the taiga.
94. According to Mr. Sandefur, the most important class
you will take in high school regarding what make the
world “tick” yesterday, today and tomorrow would be
A. World and Human Geography
B. anything else
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95. The unique onion domes found on Russian Orthodox
churches, like St. Basil’s in Moscow, are an example of
the geographic theme of
A. location.
B. place.
C. human-environment interaction.
D. region.
96. On April 26, 1986 the world’s worst nuclear power
plant accident occurred at Chernobyl. This event was
caused by
A. sabotage by Chechen separatists.
B. increased demand for nuclear energy in Kiev.
C. poor plant design and human error.
D. an earthquake in the Caucasus.
97. Capitalism is to a market economy as ____________
is to a command economy.
A. socialism
B. democracy
C. communism
D. nationalism
98. The picture above would be the best example
of _____________in Russia.
a. assimilation
b. ethnocentrism
c. conservative migration
d. globalization
99. A region known for frigid temperatures as well as its
many natural resources is
A. Siberia
B. Georgia
C. Russia
D. Uzbekistan
100. The experience with both the Aral Sea and
Chernobyl clearly show how
A. dangerous nuclear weapons are.
B. the earth creates its own natural disasters
that can greatly affect how people live.
C. human activity can cause environmental
problems that greatly affect people’s lives.
d. the Earth is constantly changing.
continued
MATCH THE LETTER ON THE MAP WITH THE
ITEM AND NUMBER. THERE WILL BE SEVERAL
OF THE SAME LETTERS ON THE MAP.
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MAP ITEM LIST #151-200
Countries
151. Canada
152. United Kingdom
153. Spain
154. Iceland
155. Sweden
156. Germany
157. France
158. Italy
159. Poland
160. Russia
161. Ukraine
162. Kazakhstan
163. Bosnia
164. Ireland
165. Norway
Cities and Capitals
166. Los Angeles
167. Miami
168. New York City
169. Ottawa
170. Sarajevo
171. Athens
172. Berlin
173. London
174. Rome
175. Moscow
176. Kiev
177. Paris
Bodies of Water
178. Hudson Bay
179. Great Salt Lake
180. Missouri R.
181. Ohio River
182. Mississippi R.
183. Baltic Sea
184. North Sea
185. Strait of Gibraltar
186. Danube R.
187. Seine R.
188. Rhine R.
189. Black Sea
190. Bosporus St.
191. Caspian Sea
192. Volga R.
Landforms
193. Rocky Mtns.
194. Appalachian Mtns.
195. Alps Mtns.
196. Sicily
197. Caucasus Mts.
198. Pyrenees Mtns.
199. Sardinia
200. Ural Mtns.
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