Download FALL 2010 FINAL EXAM - Krs

WORLD GEOGRAPHY
FALL 2010 FINAL EXAM - Krs
1. The word “geography” comes from two
Greek words - “geo” and “graphica ”- which
mean____________.
A. description of the Earth.
B. study of the Earth
C. the changing Earth
D. none of the above
2. The study of the sum of language, art, laws and the
customs of the people of the earth are known as
____________Geography.
A. political
B. physical
C. cultural/human
D. economic
3. Pick the right combination to complete the phrase.
Geography asks _____________and _____________,
while History asks __________and ___________.
a. why and where, when and where
b. where and when, when and why
c. where and why, when and why
d. when and why, where and when
4. This person is known as the “Father of Geography.” He
was the first to attempt to measure the circumference of the
earth with some success.
A. Eratosthenes
B. Homer
C. Plato
D. Ptolemy
5. Assess the relationship between NASA and the field of
cartography.
A. both would be interested in mapping the
surface of the earth & moon.
B. cartographers were never accurate until they
had the use of satellite photos
C. thanks to computers, NASA does not require
the services of cartographers.
D. cartography finally gained recognition as a
profession because of NASA.
6. Population density refers to
A. when people are distributed equally.
B. the distribution of people in a particular area.
C. when people are thinly spread out over a large
space.
D. when people are compacted into a small space.
7. Flat maps have a certain degree of distortion. The term
distortion is most similar in meaning to
A. discredit
B. misrepresent
C. resemble
D. detect
8. Being critical of the way people dress in Burkina Faso
would be an example of
A. diffusion
B. acculturation
C. ethnocentrism
D. assimilation
9. An example of a natural boundary would be
_____________ and an example of an artificial boundary
would be _____________.
A. the Rio Grande; the Great Wall of China
B. latitude lines; the Rocky Mountains
C. the Berlin Wall; the Mississippi River
D. longitude lines; the Great Salt Lake
10. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita is defined in
its simplest form as
A. the total amount of money a country spends in a
year.
B. the total value of all goods and services
produced over a given period of time.
C. the average amount of money earned by each
person in a country.
D. the average way of women whose primary
employment is at home.
11 At this location, one can actually stand in two
Hemispheres at one time.
a. equator
b. prime Meridian
c. tropic of Capricorn
d. north America
12. Cypress, Texas, and areas like “the South” would be
considered what type of region?
a. thematic region
b. formal region
c. relative region
d. perceptual region
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13. In this kind of map projection, Greenland is way too big
but the distance between grid lines is correct, making it a good
Choice for ship navigation
A.
B.
C.
D.
.
.
.
Azimuthal
Mercator
Mollewiede
Robinson
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A.
B.
C.
D.
acculturation.
assimilation.
cultural diversity.
diffusion.
14. Historians are concerned with changes in ______, while
geographers are concerned with changes in ______.
A. politics; culture
B. land, people
C. industry; climate
D. time; space
21. If you were in an earthquake that measured 2.2 on Richter
scale, what should you do?
a. stand near the strongest inside walls.
b. get out of all structures immediately.
c. nothing, you will barely notice it.
d. quickly turn off all appliances.
15. Why were ancient maps “oriented” towards the east?
A. Greece was east of China.
B. Ancient Europeans had never traveled to the east.
C. The sun rises in the east.
D. None of the above.
22. A country that is landlocked is a country that
A. has developed only land-based transportation
B. has far more land than people to populate it.
C. has no coast on the open sea.
D. has only one coast on the open sea.
FIELDS OF GEOGRAPHY (CULTURE)
16. Demography is the study of
A. physical geography.
B. population.
C. climate.
D. topography.
23. A conclusion drawn by the geographic distribution of
developing countries is that
A. climate is a major factor in economic success.
B. population increases the most in mild climates.
C. carrying capacity has been exceeded in the midlatitude countries.
D. countries in the northern hemisphere have more
resources.
17. The biggest problem incurred when creating a map from a
globe is the fact that:
A. the globe isn’t a perfect circle.
B. the northern hemisphere is slightly larger than the
southern hemisphere.
C. it is impossible to see both hemispheres at once.
D. transferring a three dimensional object to a flat surface
causes distortion.
18. Houston goes on a “breathing alert” due to air pollution.
You would apply the theme of
___________for this
geographic information.
A. human/environment interaction
B. movement
C. region
D. place
19. People in India can now watch MTV
produced in India by Indians. The best cultural term
for this would be.
A. diffusion
B. innovation
C. assimilation
D. migration.
20. The process whereby immigrants from a minority culture
take on the language and customs of the dominant culture is
called
24. A geographic effect of the Irish Potato famine was
A. the development of new farming methods.
B. a change in the major crops grown in Ireland.
C. a stricter inspection of Irish agricultural exports.
D. the movement of Irish immigrants to many
countries like the United States.
25. What is the most widely spoken business language in the
world today?
A. English
B. French
C. Mandarin Chinese
D. Spanish
26. A people’s culture would include:
A. food
B. clothing
C. language
D. all of the above
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foods and made it a part of their diet. This would be an
example of:
A. acculturation.
B. innovation.
C. diffusion.
D. migration.
27. When Mexican immigrants brought their foods to
America, many Americans discovered they liked “Mexican”
28. Which of the following best describes the relationship
between the number of males and females, in the age group
of 0-4 years?
A. females outnumber males in both countries.
B. males outnumber females in both countries.
C. males outnumber females in Germany only.
D. males outnumber females in Sweden
.
29. Which of the following best describes the
population trend shown in these pyramids?
A. both Germany and Sweden have growing
populations.
B. gGermany has a growing population, while
Sweden has a declining population.
C. Germany has a declining population, while
Sweden has a stable population.
D. both Germany and Sweden have stable
populations
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30. Borger , Texas is located approximately 50 miles
northeast of Amarillo. This is an example of:
A. absolute location
B. directional location
C. relative location
D. general location
31. In 1994, Rwandans left their country for other parts
of Africa in the wake of a civil war. This is an example
of a _________ factor.
A. push factor
B. pull factor
32. The address of the White House in Washington, DC,
is 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW. This is an example of
A. definite location.
B. relative location.
C. general location.
D. absolute location.
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36. All of the following are branches of the Christian
faith except
A. Orthodox
B. Catholic
C. Islam
D. Protestant
37.. Houston is considered a major metropolitan
area. What does this mean?
a. the city limits of Houston exceeds
two million people.
b. that Houston and the surrounding cities
and regions make up a major urban
area.
c. The region of southeast Texas is
considered part of “greater Houston.”
d. that Houston if overpopulated.
33. Two of the most well known locations in Houston
are the Astrodome and NASA. These are examples of
the theme of _______.
A. place
B. approximate location
C. movement
D. secondary
34. Urbanization is the
A. pattern through which the customs of one
city spread to other cities.
B. dramatic rise in the number of cities and the
resultant lifestyle changes.
C. overdevelopment of exurban areas and
overuse of natural resources.
D. worldwide spread of advanced technologies.
38. This cartogram could have potential uses for all the
following except
A. to determine population.
B. to measure the land area of the U.S.
C. to measure income.
D. to identify available healthcare .
On a daily basis, more than 250,000 people are added to
the earth’s population. Most are born in nations in the
developing world. That means that 1 in 5 lives in
absolute poverty. It is also a dramatic indicator of the
reality of the population explosion of the past 200 years,
which has been witness to a population increase from
under 1 billion to 1700 to well over 6 billion in the first
decade of the 21st century.
39. Geography has always played a major role in the
location of cities. What was the common
denominator to virtually all cities before the 1900’s?
A. they were surrounded by walls for
protection.
B. they had to have farms located within their
city limits for a food source.
C. all major cities were located on rivers or
bodies of fresh water.
D. they had to avoid the coldest climates
35. Based on the information in the above paragraph,
what is a characteristic of the developing world?
A. low birth rates
B. low rates of literacy
C. stable infant mortality rates
D. high fertility rates
40. The simple formula for determining if a country
is “overpopulated” would b
A. the population exceeds 1,000 people per
square mile.
B. a population over 10,000,000 people.
C. a high infant mortality rate.
D. the country has exceeded its carrying
capacity
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USA/CANADA
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41. Which of the following is not considered a pull
factor for immigration?
A. higher wages
B. war
C. freedom
D. better standard of living
42. The majority of early U.S. immigration came from
which continent?
A. Asia
B. Europe
C. Africa
D. Latin America
43. Since 1900, the U.S. has evolved from a
predominantly agricultural economy to one which is
overwhelmingly driven by
A. primary activities.
B. secondary activities.
C. tertiary activities.
D. quaternary activities.
44. Why has the U.S. not exceeded its carrying
capacity?
A. most of the population lives west of the
Mississippi River.
B. there is a continuous migration from the
U.S. to other countries.
C. the U.S. has benefited from advances in
agricultural technology.
D. there is still available land that has not been
settled.
45. The essence of the Megalopolis concept is:
A. New York City is the most important
City in the USA.
B. a group of cities that are roughly the
same size
C. they are the six largest cities in the USA
D. a unique line of large, closely spaced,
interlocking metropolitan areas.
46. The rivers of North America flow eastward or
westward at the Continental Divide because
A. it is situated along the highest points of the
Rocky Mountains.
B. the Rocky Mountains have not yet
experienced significant erosion.
C. the rivers mark areas of mineral deposits.
D. the environment was artificially altered to
improve water flow to agricultural areas.
47. The sub-region of the USA most aided by the
development of irrigation and air conditioning was
A. the South.
B. the West.
C. the Midwest.
D. the Northeast.
48. The basic facilities, services and transportation
(bridges, roads, electricity etc..) necessary for a
community to grow are known as
A. coalition.
B. smart growth.
C. sustainability.
D. infrastructure.
49. Which of the following makes up the largest body of
freshwater in North America?
A. Great Salt Lake
B. Hudson Bay
C. Gulf of Mexico
D. Great Lakes
50. The most logical solution for stemming the tide of
illegal immigration in both the U.S. and Europe is to
a. imprison anyone who enters a country illegally.
b. build walls along the border.
c. deport all illegal aliens immediately.
d. help the governments of poor countries better
their economies and provide jobs there.
51. One of the most important legacies of the Dust Bowl
of the 1930’s includes
A. the majority of the central U.S. still having
poor farmland.
B. the migration of millions of Americans from
the Great Plains to the West Coast.
C. the fact that most of the Great Plains is still
covered in dust.
D. American farmers permanently abandoned
the central U.S.
52. Houston is a major refiner of petroleum products. If
raw crude is shipped to a refinery and converted into
automobile grade gasoline, what sector of the economy
would this be?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
53. A commonly accepted theory regarding the early
settlers of North America states that nomads
A. used large ships to land along the northwest
coast of the U.S.
B. migrated from the tip of South America and
traveled north to Canada.
C. migrated using a “land bridge” between Asia
and Alaska.
D. migrated across the Pacific by moving from
one island to another.
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54. The fall-line in the Northeast part of the United
States has both positive and negative characteristics.
Which of the following was the most important
charaterctistic for early U.S. cities?
a. the fall-line was harnessed to create water
power to fuel factories during industrialization
b. the fall-line was used to irrigate the flood plains
in the area to grow food
c. the fall-line was a convenient and efficient way
for ships to navigate westward
d. the fall-line provided lumber mills a quick route
to ship timber to market.
Canada
55. Roughly three-fourths of all French Canadians live in
A. Quebec.
B. Ontario.
C. Alberta.
D. Toronto.
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61. Compared to other regions of the world with similar
latitudes, why does northern Europe have a relatively
mild climate?
A. the North Atlantic Drift current moderates
European temperatures.
B. Europe has a lower elevation than
comparable regions.
C. the many peninsulas of Europe provide for
cool winters and warm summers.
D. none of the above.
62. For thousands of years the __________ was
called the Gateway to the Mediterranean since it was
the only way to enter that body of water.
a. Bosporus Strait
b. Strait of Hormuz
c. English Channel
d. Strait of Gibraltar
56. Where is most of Canada’s population located?
A. in the general area of Toronto.
B. along the west coast where the most mild
weather is found.
C. within 100 miles of the U.S. border.
D. in Manitoba and Alberta near the oil fields.
63. Athens, Greece, developed the basis for the form of
government known as
A. monarchy.
B. republic.
C. democracy.
D. feudalism.
57. Canada and the U.S. share all of the following except
A. both are democracies.
B. both were former British colonies.
C. both have territory extending across a broad
range of latitudes.
D. both have large populations.
64. Which of the following is not a reason why Europe
is ideally suited for trade by sea?
A. It has a jagged, irregular coastline.
B. It has deep natural harbors.
C. It has navigable rivers that travel deep into
the interior.
D. It has a system of canals created by polders.
EUROPE
58. The spread of the “black death” or Bubonic plague
in the Middle Ages in Europe is a perfect example of
A. human- environment interaction.
B. diffusion.
C. acculturation.
D. xenophobia.
59. Geographers consider the dividing line between
Europe and Asia to be
a. the Volga River.
b. the Ural Mountains.
c. the Central Siberian Plain.
d. the Caucasus Mountains.
60. Which of these physical features contributed most to
the development of ethnic differences in Europe?
A. seas
B. islands
C. mountains
D. plains
65. As in the USA, the Industrial Revolution created a
major population shift in Europe by
A. reducing the urban population.
B. providing more jobs on communal farms.
C. drawing workers from farms to the factories.
D. developing the first suburbs in Europe.
66. The phrase “The Sun Never Sets on the British
Empire” referred to the fact that
A. at one time, the British Empire encompassed
nearly 75% of the world.
B. the empire was so widespread that the sun
was always shining on some part of the
empire.
C. most of the colonies of the empire were
found in the Southern Hemisphere.
D. as long as there was a sun in the sky, the
British would continue their quest for power
and land.
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67. Why were the first Olympic competitions in
Greece rather than in regions of Northern Europe?
A. the Greeks were the first real athletes.
B. Greece had a mild Mediterranean climate.
C. there were several rivers to make
transportation to the games easier.
D. the mountains of Greece blocked the cold
winds from the Mediterranean Sea.
68. All of the following are political units of the United
Kingdom except
A. England.
B. Wales.
C. Northern IrelandIreland.
D. Ireland.
69. . When viewing a current population pyramid of
most European countries, what potential problem
might you find?
A. an increase in immigration to the U.S.
B. too few workers for jobs required.
C. too many workers for not enough jobs.
D. an increase in infant mortality rates.
70. What is the goal of the IRA?
A. they want Northern Ireland to unify with the
Republic of Ireland.
B. they want to remain loyal to the UK.
C. they want to establish a separate Republic of
Northern Ireland.
D. they want Ireland to join the European
Union.
71. The term used to describe an area like Northern
Ireland that pitted the large Catholic and Protestant
populations against each other would be
A. a shatterblet
B. genocide
C. Balkanization
D. the cold war
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72. The conflict in Northern Ireland is based on the fact
that some 40% of the region is __________while the
majority was _______________.
a. Catholic, Protestant
b. Protestant, Catholic
c. Baptists, Catholic
d. Catholic, Baptist
e. Catholic, Muslim
73. After World War II, the economies of several nations
in Eastern Europe were controlled by _________until the
1990’s.
A. Germany.
B. Yugoslavia.
C. the Soviet Union.
D. the United Kingdom.
74. The purpose of the “Iron Curtain” was to
A. prevent an invasion of the Soviet Union
from the “West”.
B. build a wall to protect against Russian
invasion of France.
C. create an ideological barrier between the
communist East and democratic West.
D. prevent British and French tourists from
entering the Soviet Union.
75. Which of the following was a reason the Berlin Wall
was constructed in the German Democratic Republic?
(East Germany)
A. To prevent illegal immigration into East
Germany.
B. To secure its borders against the threat of
terrorism.
C. To prevent riots started by communist
agitators.
D. To stop the flow of economic refugees to the
West.
76. Which of the following was Serbia’s policy towards
Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Muslims and Croats?
A. Peaceful coexistence.
B. Divide and conquer.
C. Ethnic cleansing.
D. Diplomatic negotiation.
77. The “ethnic groups” in Bosnia that were in conflict
with one another included all of the following excpet
A. Croatian
B. Serbian
C. Italian
D. Muslim
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78. The term “Balkanization” reflects the reality in the
former country of Yugoslavia in that
A. Yugoslavia broke into several smaller,
hostile countries.
B. a civil war split the country in two
C. The “Yugos” conquered all the countries
surrounding them.
D. The European Union stepped in to halt the
war before many people died.
79. According to many of the young Bosnians in the film
Bosnia 101, what do they see as the real problem in
Bosnia?
a. The conflict is over territory not religion.
b. They want the country united into a
single
Yugoslavia again.
c. It is a fight over regional
responsibility.
d. It is a very personal war of language.
80. The primary goal of the European Union today is to
A. create a powerful United States of Europe.
B. . to break down trade barriers and get rid of
tariffs within member countries.
C. . to act as a competitor to the strong U.S.
economy.
D. . to prevent any future wars in Europe.
81. The “ticking time bomb” that Europeans have to
deal with now and in the future involves
A. the growing Muslim population in Europe.
B. the fear of another Russian invasion.
C. conflict between member states of the
European Union.
D. the fear of another potential world war.
RUSSIA AND THE REPUBLICS
82. The region known for frigid temperatures, its
many natural resources and the location of many
Soviet era prisons is called
a. Siberia.
b. Georgia
c. Russia,
d. Kazakhstan
83. In the Soviet Union, the government controlled
production, prices and wages. This kind of economic
system is known as a
A. market economy.
B. mixed economy.
C. command economy.
D. demand economy.
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84. The rule of the czars was ended by
A. Peter the Great.
B. the Russian Revolution.
C. Western exploration.
D. Mikhail Gorbachev.
85. The nation formed by the Communist Party in 1922
was known as
A. Russia.
B. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
C. United Soviet States of Russia.
D. Special Soviet Republics.
86. The conflict between the United States and the
Soviet Union was called __________ because of the
ideological dispute and climate of distrust between the
two nations.
A. the Cold War
B. the Battle of the Baltics
C. glasnost
D. perestroika.
87. Which of the following terms is used to describe the
idea that increasing distances between places tends to
reduce interactions among them?
A. mutually assured destruction.
B. distance decay.
C. brinksmanship.
D. distance expansion.
88. Think! Why would a country with a vast coastline
like Russia be considered almost landlocked?
A. there are no ports on the Russian coasts.
B. most of the major ports of Russia are
frozen and thus impassable in the winter.
C. Russia’s crude infrastructure hasn’t
taken advantage of the coastline.
D. the former Soviet Union didn’t have the
financial resources to build adequate
ports.
89. The word czar (tsar) means
A. an emperor.
B. an aristocrat.
C. a noble.
D. a president.
90. A main goal of communism is to
A. remove all government interference from the
daily lives of citizens.
B. allow supply and demand to determine
market value.
C. maximize worker productivity through profit
incentives.
D. eliminate social inequality through the
redistribution of wealth.
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91. When it comes to operating a business, the most
striking difference between communism and capitalism
is
A. there is no profit motive under capitalism.
B. there is no profit motive under communism.
C. most communists are content with higher
wages and less freedom.
D. most capitalists are content with higher
wages and less freedom.
92. The “gulag” in Russia was used by both the Russian
Empire and Communists as
A. a testing ground for nuclear weapons
B. a summer vacation area for aristocrats
C. the location of major resources
D. a site for a number of harsh prisons
93. Russia and the former Soviet Republics are rich in a
number of natural resources. However, they have not
taken advantage of them for all of the following reasons,
except
A. population density is greater in European
Russia while natural resources are most
abundant in Siberia.
B. lack of infrastructure inhibits adequate
transportation and distribution systems.
C. temperature extremes limit access to warm
water ports.
D. ethnic and religious conflicts have prevented
the development of natural resources.
94. Merry Christmas. According to Mr. Sandefur, the
most important class you will take in high school
regarding what makes the world “tick” yesterday, today
and tomorrow would be
A. World and Human Geography
B. anything else
95. The picture above would be the best example of
_____________in Russia.
A. assimilation
B. ethnocentrism
C conservative migration
D. globalization
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96. The unique onion domes found on Russian Orthodox
churches, like St. Basil’s in Moscow, are an example of
the geographic theme of
A. location.
B. place.
C. human-environment interaction.
D. region.
97. On April 26, 1986 the world’s worst nuclear power
plant accident occurred at Chernobyl. This event was
caused by
A. sabotage by Chechen separatists.
B. increased demand for nuclear energy in Kiev.
C. poor plant design and human error.
D. an earthquake in the Caucasus.
98. Capitalism is to a market economy as ____________
is to a command economy.
A. socialism
B. democracy
C. communism
D. nationalism
99. The shrinking of the Aral Sea can best be attributed
to
A. the diversion of river water to irrigate cotton
farms.
B. high levels of radioactive fallout from the
Chernobyl accident.
C. increasing temperatures caused by global
warming.
D. the deforestation of the taiga.
100. The experience with both the Aral Sea and
Chernobyl clearly show how
A. dangerous nuclear weapons are.
B. the earth creates its own natural disasters
that can greatly affect how people live.
C. human activity can cause environmental
problems that greatly affect people’s lives.
D. the Earth is constantly changing.
Continued on next page
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Match the item with the corresponding letter on
the map. There may be several of the same
letters on the map. Only be concerned with the
item and letter you are matching.
MAP ITEM LIST #101-150
Countries
101 Canada
102 United Kingdom
103 Spain
104. Iceland
105. Sweden
106. Germany
107. France
108. Italy
109. Poland
110. Russia
111. Ukraine
112. Kazakhstan
113. Bosnia
114. Ireland
115. Norway
Cities and Capitals
116. Los Angeles
117. Miami
118. New York City
119. Ottawa
120. Sarajevo
121. Athens
122. Berlin
123. London
124. Rome
125. Moscow
126. Kiev
127. Paris
Bodies of Water
128. Hudson Bay
129. Great Salt Lake
130. Missouri R.
131. Ohio River
132. Mississippi R.
133. Baltic Sea
134. North Sea
135. Strait of Gibraltar
136. Danube R.
137. Rhine R.
138. Strait of Gibraltar
139. Black Sea
140. Bosporus St.
141. Caspian Sea
142. Volga R.
Landforms
143. Rocky Mtns.
144. Appalachian Mtns.
145. Alps Mtns.
146. Sicily
147. Caucasus Mts.
148. Pyrenees Mtns.
149. Mt. Vesuvius
150. Ural Mtns.
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