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WORLD GEOGRAPHY FALL 2009 FINAL EXAM - Krs 1. The word “geography” comes from two Greek words - “geo” and “graphica ”- which mean____________. A. description of the Earth. B. study of the Earth C. the changing Earth D. none of the above 2. The study of the sum of language, art, laws and the customs of the people of the earth are known as ____________Geography. A. political B. physical C. cultural/human D. economic 3. The most important question a Geographer can ask is A. How and why B. When and how C. Where and why D. When and why 4. This person is known as the “Father of Geography.” He wrote a book called Geographica and was the first to attempt to measure the circumference of the earth. A. Eratosthenes B. Homer C. Plato D. Ptolemy What would be an example of cartography 5. Assess the relationship between NASA and the field of cartography. A. Both would be interested in mapping the surface of the earth & moon. B. Cartographers were never accurate until they had the use of satellite photos C. Thanks to computers, NASA does not require the services of cartographers. D. Cartography finally gained recognition as a profession because of NASA. 7. The term distortion is most similar in meaning to A. discredit B. misrepresent C. resemble D. detect 8. Being critical of the way people dress in Burkina Faso would be an example of A. diffusion B. acculturation C. ethnocentrism D. assimilation 9. An example of a natural boundary would be _____________ and an example of an artificial boundary would be _____________. A. the Rio Grande; the Great Wall of China B. latitude lines; the Rocky Mountains C. the Berlin Wall; the Mississippi River D. longitude lines; the Great Salt Lake 10. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita is defined in its simplest form as A. the total amount of money a country spends in a year. B. the total value of all goods and services produced over a given period of time. the average amount of money earned by each person in a country. the average way of women whose primary employment is at home. 11. Russia and the United States are both located in the A. Eastern Hemisphere. B. Western Hemisphere. C. Northern Hemisphere. D. Southern Hemisphere. 6. Population density refers to A. when people are distributed equally. B. the distribution of people in a particular area. C. when people are thinly spread out over a large space. D. when people are compacted into a small space. Page 1 12. In this kind of map projection, Greenland is way too big but the distance between grid lines is correct, making it a good . 1 Page 2 choice for ship navigation. A. Azimuthal B. Mercator C. Mollewiede D. Robinson 13. Historians are concerned with changes in ______, while geographers are concerned with changes in ______. A. politics; culture B. land, people C. industry; climate D. time; space 14. Why were ancient maps “oriented” towards the east? A. Greece was east of China. B. Ancient Europeans had never traveled to the east. C. The sun rises in the east. D. None of the above. FIELDS OF GEOGRAPHY (CULTURE) 15. Demography is the study of A. physical geography. B. population. C. climate. D. topography. 16. The biggest problem incurred when creating a map from a globe is the fact that: A. the globe isn’t a perfect circle. B. the northern hemisphere is slightly larger than the southern hemisphere. C. it is impossible to see both hemispheres at once. D. transferring a three dimensional object to a flat surface causes distortion. 17. Houston goes on a “breathing alert” due to air pollution. You would apply the theme of ___________for this geographic information. A. human/environment interaction B. movement C. region D. place 18. People in India can now watch MTV produced in India by Indians. The best cultural term for this would be. A. diffusion B. innovation C. assimilation D. migration. 19. Which term names a process by which moving masses of ice change the topography of a region? A. erosion B. chemical weathering C. glaciation D. sedimentation 20. The process whereby immigrants from a minority culture take on the language and customs of the dominant culture is called A. acculturation. B. assimilation. C. cultural diversity. D. diffusion. 21. A country that is landlocked is a country that A. has developed only land-based transportation B. has far more land than people to populate it. C. has no coast on the open sea. D. has only one coast on the open sea. 22. A conclusion drawn by the geographic distribution of developing countries is that A. climate is a major factor in economic success. B. population increases the most in mild climates. C. carrying capacity has been exceeded in the midlatitude countries. D. countries in the northern hemisphere have more resources. 23. A geographic effect of the Irish Potato famine was A. the movement of Irish immigrants to many countries like the United States. B. the development of new farming methods. C. a change in the major crops grown in Ireland. D. a stricter inspection of Irish agricultural exports. 24. What is the most widely spoken business language in the world today? A. English B. French C. Mandarin Chinese D. Spanish 25. A people’s culture would include: A. food B. clothing C. language D. all of the above 26. The famous trade route the Silk Road that went from China to the Mediterranean Sea is a good example of the geographic term A. assimilation. B. diffusion C. xenophobia D. infrastructure 2 27. Which age group in Sweden has the largest number of females? A. 35-39 B. 40-44 C. 45-49 D. 50-54 28. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the number of males and females, in the age group of 0-4 years? A. Females outnumber males in both countries. B. Males outnumber females in both countries. C. Males outnumber females in Germany only. D. Males outnumber females in Sweden 29. Which of the following best describes the population trends shown by these pyramids? A. Both Germany and Sweden have growing populations. B. Germany has a growing population, while Sweden has a declining population. C. Germany has a declining population, while Sweden has a stable population. D. Both Germany and Sweden have stable populations. 30. Borger , Texas is located approximately 50 miles northeast of Amarillo. This is an example of: A. absolute location 3 B. directional location C. relative location D. general location 31. In 1994, Rwandans left their country for other parts of Africa in the wake of a civil war. This is an example of a _________ factor. A. push factor B. pull factor 32. The address of the White House in Washington, DC, is 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW. This is an example of A. definite location. B. relative location. C. general location. D. absolute location. 33. Two of the most well known locations in Houston are the Astrodome and NASA. These are examples of the theme of _______. A. place B. approximate location C. movement D. secondary 34. Urbanization is the A. pattern through which the customs of one city spread to other cities. B. dramatic rise in the number of cities and the resultant lifestyle changes. C. overdevelopment of exurban areas and overuse of natural resources. D. worldwide spread of advanced technologies. On a daily basis, more than 250,000 people are added to the earth’s population. Most are born in nations in the developing world. That means that 1 in 5 lives in absolute poverty. It is also a dramatic indicator of the reality of the population explosion of the past 200 years, which has been witness to a population increase from under 1 billion to 1700 to well over 6 billion in the first decade of the 21st century. 35. Based on the information in the above paragraph, what is a characteristic of the developing world? A. low birth rates B. low rates of literacy C. stable infant mortality rates D. high fertility rates 36. Which of the following is not considered one of the themes of geography? A. Place B. Location C. Human- Environment Interaction D. Culture 4 37.. Houston is considered a major metropolitan area. What does this mean? a. the city limits of Houston exceeds two million people. b. that Houston and the surrounding cities and regions make up a major urban area. c. The region of southeast Texas is considered part of “greater Houston.” d. that Houston if overpopulated. 38. This cartogram could have potential uses for all the following except A. to determine population. B. to measure the land area of the U.S. C. to measure income. D. to identify available healthcare . 39. Geography has always played a major role in the location of cities. What was the common denominator to virtually all cities before the 1900’s? a. they were surrounded by walls for protection. b. they had to have farms located within their city limits for a food source. c. all major cities were located on rivers or bodies of fresh water. d. they had to avoid the coldest climates USA/CANADA 40. Which of the following is not considered a pull factor for immigration? A. higher wages B. war C. freedom D. better standard of living 41. The majority of early U.S. immigration came from which continent? A. Asia 4 B. Europe C. Africa D. Latin America 42. Since 1900, the U.S. has evolved from a predominantly agricultural economy to one which is overwhelmingly driven by A. primary activities. B. secondary activities. C. tertiary activities. D. quaternary activities. 43. Why has the U.S. not exceeded its carrying capacity? A. Most of the population lives west of the Mississippi River. B. There is a continuous migration from the U.S. to other countries. C. The U.S. has benefited from advances in agricultural technology. D. There is still available land that has not been settled. 44. What is the relationship between the Erie Canal and the St. Lawrence Seaway? A. Both waterways provide a water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. B. The Erie Canal was built to replace the much older St. Lawrence Seaway. C. The St. Lawrence Seaway connects Canada to the Great Lakes while the Erie Canal connects the united States. to the Atlantic Ocean. D. Both are man made waterways that provide routes from the Atlantic to the Great Lakes. 45. The United States is able to feed its own population and export food to much of the world as a result of A. large areas of fertile soil. B. early mechanization of American farms. C. a favorable climate. D. All of the above. 46. The rivers of North America flow eastward or westward at the Continental Divide because A. it is situated along the highest points of the Rocky Mountains. B. the Rocky Mountains have not yet experienced significant erosion. C. the rivers mark areas of mineral deposits. D. the environment was artificially altered to improve water flow to agricultural areas. 5 47. The sub-region of the USA most aided by the development of irrigation and air conditioning was A. B. C. D. the South. the West. the Midwest. the Northeast. 48. The basic facilities, services and transportation necessary for a community to grow are known as A. infrastructure. B. coalition. C. smart growth. D. sustainability. 49. Which of the following makes up the largest body of freshwater in North America? A. Great Salt Lake B. Hudson Bay C. Gulf of Mexico D. Great Lakes 50. How did the U.S. change with the Louisiana Purchase? A. the US borders ranged from the Atlantic to the Pacific. B. The U.S. became a superpower. C. It lost vast amounts of lands to Native Americans. D. The US took over larger regions of Canada. 51. One of the most important legacies of the Dust Bowl of the 1930’s includes A. the majority of the central U.S. still having poor farmland. B. the migration of millions of Americans from the Great Plains to the West Coast. C. the fact that most of the Great Plains is still covered in dust. D. American farmers permanently abandoned the central U.S. 52. Houston is a major refiner of petroleum products. If raw crude is shipped to a refinery and converted into automobile grade gasoline, what sector of the economy would this be? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary 53. A commonly accepted theory regarding the early settlers of North America states that nomads A. used large ships to land along the northwest coast of the U.S. 5 B. migrated using a “land bridge” between Asia and Alaska. C. migrated across the Pacific by moving from one island to another. D. migrated from the tip of South America and traveled north to Canada. 54. The economy of the U.S. is run on a free enterprise system, in which A. goods and services are sold at the highest profit margin possible. B. the government retains strict controls over businesses, resources and technology. C. businesses, resources and technology are worker-owned and operated. D. the government exerts little control over businesses, resources and technology operated for profit by private individuals. Canada 55. Roughly three-fourths of all French Canadians live in A. Quebec. B. Ontario. C. Alberta. D. Toronto. 56. Where is most of Canada’s population located? A. in the general area of Toronto. b. along the west coast where the most mild weather is found. c. within 100 miles of the U.S. border. d. in Manitoba and Alberta near the oil fields. B. Europe has a lower elevation than comparable regions. C. The many peninsulas of Europe provide for cool winters and warm summers. D. none of the above. 60. Which of these physical features contributed most to the development of ethnic differences in Europe? A. Seas B. Islands C. Mountains D. Plains 61. The phrase “The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire” referred to the fact that A. at one time, the British Empire encompassed nearly 75% of the world. B. the empire was so widespread that the sun was always shining on some part of the empire. C. most of the colonies of the empire were found in the Southern Hemisphere. D. as long as there was a sun in the sky, the British would continue their quest for power and land. 62. Why were the first Olympic competitions in Greece rather than in other regions of Europe? a. the Greeks were the first real athletes. b. Greece had a mild Mediterranean climate. c. there were several rivers to make transportation to the games easier. d. the mountains of Greece blocked the cold winds from the Mediterranean Sea. 57. Canada and the U.S. share all of the following except A. both are democracies. B. both were former British colonies. C. both have territory extending across a broad range of latitudes. D. both have large populations. EUROPE 58. The spread of the “black death” or Bubonic plague in the Middle Ages in Europe is a perfect example of A. human- environment interaction. B. diffusion. C. acculturation. D. xenophobia. 59. Compared to other regions of the world with similar latitudes, why does Europe have a relatively mild climate? A. The North Atlantic Drift current moderates European temperatures. 63. . When viewing a current population pyramid of most European countries, what potential problem might you find? a. An increase in immigration to the U.S. b. Too few workers for jobs required. c. Too many workers for not enough jobs. d. An increase in infant mortality rates. 64. All of the following are political units of the United Kingdom except A. England. B. Ireland. C. Northern Ireland. D. Wales. 6 D. feudalism. 65. Which is not a goal of the European Union today ? A. create a modern nation-state on the continent. B. to break down trade barriers within member countries. C. to be a competitive force with the U.S. economically. D. to prevent future wars from erupting in Europe. 66. What is the goal of the IRA? A. They want to remain loyal to the UK. B. They want Northern Ireland to unify with the Republic of Ireland. C. They want to establish a separate Republic of Northern Ireland. D. They want Ireland to join the European Union. 67. The term used to describe an area like Northern Ireland that pitted the large Catholic and Protestant populations against each other would be A. a shatterblet B. genocide C. Balkanization D. the cold war 68. After World War II, the economies of several nations in Eastern Europe were controlled by _________until the 1990’s. A. Germany. B. Yugoslavia. C. the Soviet Union. D. the United Kingdom. 69. Which of these ethnic groups in Bosnia is not predominately Christian? A. Croatian B. Serbian C. Italian D. Bosnian 70. The term “Balkanization” reflects the reality in the former country of Yugoslavia in that A. Yugoslavia broke into several smaller, hostile countries. B. a civil war split the country in two C. The “Yugos” conquered all the countries surrounding them. D. The European Union stepped in to halt the war before many people died. 71. Athens, Greece, developed the basis for the form of government known as A. monarchy. B. republic. C. democracy. 7 72. The purpose of the “Iron Curtain” was to A. prevent an invasion of the Soviet Union from the “West”. B. build a wall to protect against Russian invasion of France. C. create an ideological barrier between the communist East and democratic West. D. prevent British and French tourists from entering the Soviet Union. 73. Which of the following was a reason the Berlin Wall was constructed in the German Democratic Republic? A. To prevent illegal immigration into East Germany. B. To secure its borders against the threat of terrorism. C. To prevent riots started by communist agitators. D. To stop the flow of economic refugees to the West. 74. As in the USA, the Industrial Revolution created a major population shift in Europe by A. reducing the urban population. B. providing more jobs on communal farms. C. drawing workers from farms to the factories. D. developing the first suburbs in Europe. 75. To what was Winston Churchill referring when he said, “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent”? A. The construction of the Berlin Wall by the Soviets. B. The horrors perpetrated by Nazis during the Holocaust. C. The damaging effects of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. D. The ideological division between Western democracies and Soviet communism. 76. Which of the following is not a reason why Europe is ideally suited for trade by sea? A. It has a jagged, irregular coastline. B. It has deep natural harbors. C. It has navigable rivers that travel deep into the interior. D. It has a system of canals created by polders. 77. What significant event within Europe is celebrated annually on their 9/11? A. The official creation of the European Union. B. The destruction of the Berlin Wall. C. The Cold War ended on this date. 7 D. The Dayton Peace Accord was signed and ended the conflict in Bosnia. 78. Which of the following was Serbia’s policy towards Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Muslims and Croats? A. Peaceful coexistence. B. Divide and conquer. C. Ethnic cleansing. D. Diplomatic negotiation. 79. Choose the answer that best indicates the country and reason for not wanting to become a member of the European Union. A. United Kingdom; they refuse to convert their currency to the Euro. B. Poland; they prefer to remain neutral in all conflicts. C. Norway; they do not want to share fishing rights in the North Sea with other members. D. Turkey; they see no economic benefit in joining the EU. RUSSIA AND THE REPUBLICS 80. The region known for frigid temperatures, its many natural resources and the location of many Soviet era prisons (the Gulag) is called a. Siberia. b. Georgia c. Russia, d. Kazakhskstan 81. Geographers consider the dividing line between Europe and Asia to be a. the Volga River. b. the Ural Mountains. c. the Central Siberian Plain. d. the Caucasus Mountains. 82. In the Soviet Union, the government controlled production, prices and wages. This kind of economic system is known as a A. market economy. B. mixed economy. C. command economy. D. demand economy. 83. The rule of the czars was ended by A. Peter the Great. B. the Russian Revolution. C. Western exploration. D. Mikhail Gorbachev. 84. The nation formed by the Communist Party in 1922 was known as A. Russia. B. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. C. United Soviet States of Russia. D. Special Soviet Republics. 85. The conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union was called __________ because of the ideological dispute and climate of distrust between the two nations. A. the Cold War B. the Battle of the Baltics C. glasnost D. perestroika. 86. Which of the following terms is used to describe the idea that increasing distances between places tends to reduce interactions among them? A. mutually assured destruction. B. distance decay. C. brinksmanship. D. distance expansion. 87. Think! Why would a country with a vast coastline like Russia be considered almost landlocked? a. there are no ports on the Russian coasts. b. most of the major ports of Russia are frozen and thus impassable in the winter. c. Russia’s crude infrastructure hasn’t taken advantage of the coastline. d. the former Soviet Union didn’t have the financial resources to build adequate ports. 88. The word czar (tsar) means A. an emperor. B. an aristocrat. C. a noble. D. a president. 89. A main goal of communism is to A. eliminate social inequality through the redistribution of wealth. B. allow supply and demand to determine market value. 8 C. maximize worker productivity through profit incentives. D. remove all government interference from the daily lives of citizens. 90. When it comes to operating a business, the most striking difference between communism and capitalism is A. there is no profit motive under capitalism. B. there is no profit motive under communism. C. most communists are content with higher wages and less freedom. D. most capitalists are content with higher wages and less freedom. 91. Russia and the former Soviet Republics are rich in a number of natural resources. However, they have not taken advantage of them for all of the following reasons, except A. population density is greater in European Russia while natural resources are most abundant in Siberia. B. lack of infrastructure inhibits adequate transportation and distribution systems. C. temperature extremes limit access to warm water ports. D. ethnic and religious conflicts have prevented the development of natural resources. 92. The geography of the Caucasus region has made it important historically as a a. land people wanted to settle on. b. tourist attraction with sandy beaches. c. a “gateway” for migration between Asia and Europe. d. important source of diamonds and gold. 93. The shrinking of the Aral Sea can best be attributed to A. the diversion of river water to irrigate cotton farms. B. high levels of radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident. C. increasing temperatures caused by global warming. D. the deforestation of the taiga. 94. According to Mr. Sandefur, the most important class you will take in high school regarding what make the world “tick” yesterday, today and tomorrow would be A. World and Human Geography B. anything else 9 95. The unique onion domes found on Russian Orthodox churches, like St. Basil’s in Moscow, are an example of the geographic theme of A. location. B. place. C. human-environment interaction. D. region. 96. On April 26, 1986 the world’s worst nuclear power plant accident occurred at Chernobyl. This event was caused by A. sabotage by Chechen separatists. B. increased demand for nuclear energy in Kiev. C. poor plant design and human error. D. an earthquake in the Caucasus. 97. Capitalism is to a market economy as ____________ is to a command economy. A. socialism B. democracy C. communism D. nationalism 98. The picture above would be the best example of _____________in Russia. a. assimilation b. ethnocentrism c. conservative migration d. globalization 99. A region known for frigid temperatures as well as its many natural resources is A. Siberia B. Georgia C. Russia D. Uzbekistan 100. The experience with both the Aral Sea and Chernobyl clearly show how A. dangerous nuclear weapons are. B. the earth creates its own natural disasters that can greatly affect how people live. C. human activity can cause environmental problems that greatly affect people’s lives. d. the Earth is constantly changing. continued MATCH THE LETTER ON THE MAP WITH THE ITEM AND NUMBER. THERE WILL BE SEVERAL OF THE SAME LETTERS ON THE MAP. 9 MAP ITEM LIST #151-200 Countries 151. Canada 152. United Kingdom 153. Spain 154. Iceland 155. Sweden 156. Germany 157. France 158. Italy 159. Poland 160. Russia 161. Ukraine 162. Kazakhstan 163. Bosnia 164. Ireland 165. Norway Cities and Capitals 166. Los Angeles 167. Miami 168. New York City 169. Ottawa 170. Sarajevo 171. Athens 172. Berlin 173. London 174. Rome 175. Moscow 176. Kiev 177. Paris Bodies of Water 178. Hudson Bay 179. Great Salt Lake 180. Missouri R. 181. Ohio River 182. Mississippi R. 183. Baltic Sea 184. North Sea 185. Strait of Gibraltar 186. Danube R. 187. Seine R. 188. Rhine R. 189. Black Sea 190. Bosporus St. 191. Caspian Sea 192. Volga R. Landforms 193. Rocky Mtns. 194. Appalachian Mtns. 195. Alps Mtns. 196. Sicily 197. Caucasus Mts. 198. Pyrenees Mtns. 199. Sardinia 200. Ural Mtns. 10 11