Download “The North Vs. the South: The Furnace of Civil War” Outline The

“The North Vs. the South: The Furnace of Civil War” Outline
I.
The Secession Crisis 1860-1861
a. What state first seceded from the union following Abraham Lincoln’s election? (1-2)
i. How many Southern states had seceded by the time Lincoln took office? (2)
1. What did these states form in February 1861 in Montgomery, Alabama? (2)
a. What did lame-duck President James Buchanan do about this? (2)
b. What did the seceding states immediately do? (2)
i. What were the two exceptions? (2)
ii. What did Buchanan do because of this? (2)
c. What was the Crittenden Compromise? (2-3)
i. How did the Republicans feel about it? (3)
d. Why did Lincoln sneak into Washington D.C. for his inauguration? (3)
i. What principles did he lay out in his inaugural address? (3)
e. What did Lincoln do when Fort Sumter ran short of supplies? (3)
i. What did Confederate leaders do because of this? (3)
f. What did the border states do after the attack on Fort Sumter? (4)
g. What were the North’s main material advantages in the Civil War? (5)
i. What were the South’s strengths in the Civil War? (5)
II. Northern Mobilization Economically, Militarily, Politically, and Socially 1861-1865
a. What kind of government philosophy did the North put into action during the Civil War? (7)
i. What was the Homestead Act? (7)
1. What was the Morill Act? (7)
ii. What did the Northern government do to protect factories? (7)
iii. What did the Northern government do to complete the dream of a transcontinental
railroad? (7)
iv. What did the National Bank Acts of 1863 and 1864 create? (7-8)
1. How did this system work? (8)
v. What were the Northern government’s three ways of financing the war? (8)
1. What kind of tax did the government create? (8)
2. Why was the government’s “greenback” policy controversial? (8)
a. Why did the value of the greenback fluctuate so much? (8)
b. What did this policy cause? (8)
3. What was the government’s largest source of financing? (8)
a. How were these efforts different from past ones? (8-9)
b. Why did the Union have to raise an army “from scratch”? (9)
i. What was Congress’ first method of getting army recruits? (9)
1. How come this did not work in the long term? (9)
ii. What was the Congress’ second way of getting men to fight? (9)
1. How could wealthy men get out of this? (9)
2. Why was opposition to this law so widespread? (10)
a. What did this lead to in New York City? (10)
c. What did Lincoln immediately do to establish his authority when he came into office? (10)
i. How did Lincoln go over Congress in using his “war powers”? (11)
1. What did Lincoln do to suppress the Peace Democrats/Copperheads? (11)
a. How many people did he arrest this way? (11)
b. How did the Supreme Court deal with Lincoln’s actions in the Ex Parte
Milligan Case of 1866?
IT RULED THAT THE PRESIDENT COULD NOT DENY CITIZENS THE WRIT OF HABEAS
CORPUS WHEN CIVILIAN COURTS WERE IN OPERATION.
2. What happened to Republicans in 1862 because of Lincoln’s use of his war
powers? (11)
a. What did the Republicans do because of this in the 1864 election? (12)
i. Who did they pick to be Lincoln’s vice-president? (12)
3. Who did the Northern Democrats nominate in the 1864 election? (12)
a. Why did Lincoln win the 1864 presidential election? (12)
ii. How did the Republican Party split over the slavery issue by 1864? (12-13)
1. Who were the leading Radical Republicans? (13)
2. What was the first Confiscation Act of 1861? (13)
a. What was the second Confiscation Act of 1862? (13)
3. Why was the 1862 Battle of Antietam so significant? (13-14)
a. What was the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863? (14)
i. Who did it not apply to? (14)
ii. Why was the Emancipation Proclamation important? (14)
iii. When did the Emancipation Proclamation become a reality? (14)
1. What did 186,000 newly freed African Americans do
because of this? (14)
4. What did Congress do about slavery once the Union won the Civil War? (14-15)
d. What was the main economic consequence of the Civil War on Northern industry? (15)
i. Why was this a difficult time for most northern workers? (15)
ii. How did the war affect Northern white women? (15-16)
III. Southern Mobilization Economically, Militarily, Politically, and Socially 1861-1865
a. How was the Confederate government different from the Union government? (16-17)
i. How was it similar to the union government? (16-17)
ii. What kind of president was Jefferson Davis? (17)
1. Who opposed the war in the South? (17)
iii. Why was funding the Confederate war effort an impossible task? (18)
1. What did the Confederate Congress first do to raise money for the war? (18)
a. What did the Confederate Congress do when this did not work? (18)
2. How come borrowing money did not work for the Confederate Congress? (18)
3. How did the Confederacy largely pay for the war? (18)
a. What did this lead to? (18)
b. How did the Confederacy first try to raise an army? (19)
i. What did the Confederacy do when this did not work out? (19)
1. How was their Conscription Act similar to the one in the North? (19)
a. How was it different? (19)
2. What did the Confederacy do when it faced a manpower shortage in 1864? (19)
c. Why did the states’ rights philosophy prove to a severe obstacle in winning the Civil War for the
Confederacy? (20)
i. How did states’ rights supporters obstruct the war effort? (20)
1. What was the Confederate government able to do during the war? (20)
d. How did the Civil War affect most Southerners economically? (21)
i. What happened because of this? (21)
ii. How did the war affect white women? (21)
IV. Civil War Strategy and Diplomacy 1861-1865
a. Why did the North need to take “military initiative” in the war? (22)
i. Who was the Union’s most important military commander? (22)
ii. What problems did Lincoln face as commander in chief? (22)
1. Who did Lincoln appoint to lead the war effort? (22)
a. Why was he a bad general? (23)
b. Who did Lincoln appoint to replace him in 1862? (23)
i. Why was he an ineffective military leader? (23)
iii. Who did Lincoln appoint to lead the war effort in 1864? (23)
1. What was his battle strategy? (23)
iv. How did Congress criticize Lincoln’s leadership of the war? (23)
b. How was Jefferson Davis’ military leadership different from Lincoln’s? (23)
i. Who did he appoint as his main military advisor? (23)
ii. Where did most military officers on both sides go to school? (24)
c. Which side had the advantage when it came to naval power? (24)
i. What was the Union’s naval strategy? (24)
1. How come this was not completely effective? (24)
ii. How did the Confederacy resist the Union’s blockade? (25)
1. How did the Union respond to this? (25)
iii. Where was the Union navy most effective? (25)
1. Why was it so effective here? (25)
d. What were positions of the English and French aristocracy at the beginning of the Civil War?
(25)
i. Why did they take this position? (26)
1. Why was the English government hesitant to act on this position? (26)
2. How did Lincoln gain working class British support? (26)
ii. How did Southern leaders attempt to court European support? (26)
1. Why was “King Cotton Diplomacy” a failure? (26)
iii. What was the Trent Affair of 1861? (26-27)
1. How did Lincoln deal with the arrested British diplomats? (27)
2. How did the British directly support the Confederacy during the Civil War? (27)
iv. What position did Britain and France take in the war and why did they take this position?
(27)
1. Why did this anger the North? (27)
V. Major Battles of the Civil War 1861-1865
a. How many Americans died in the Civil War? (28)
i. How does this death toll compare to the death tolls of other wars in which the U.S. was
involved? (28)
b. Look up the following battles/events on Wikipedia (you only need to read the introductory
segments) and, in one sentence, explain the significance of each:
i. The Battle of Antietam
ii. The Siege of Vicksburg
iii. The Battle of Gettysburg
1. The Gettysburg Address
iv. Sherman’s March
v. The Battle of Appomattox Court House