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Honors Chemistry (Version B)
Test: Process Skills and Measurement
Part A: Multiple Choice-Choose the best answer for each of the following.
1. The general term for a systematic approach used in scientific study is _____.
a. quantitative analysis
b. qualitative analysis
c. the scientific method
d. the scientific controversy
2. A tentative explanation for what has been observed is a(n) _____.
a. theory
b. law
c. problem
d. hypothesis
3. A set of controlled observations is a(n) _____.
a. experiment
b. conclusion
c. hypothesis
d. problem
4. A judgment based upon the results of one experiment is a _____.
a. hypothesis
b. theory
c. conclusion
d. variable
5. A hypothesis is more likely to become a ____ because _____.
a. theory; scientific laws are conclusions reached by many scientists about relationships in nature
b. theory; fewer experiments are needed in order to support it
c. scientific law; fewer trials are needed during the experimental phase
d. scientific law; theories are conclusions reached by many scientists about relationships in nature
6. The reason for organizing, classifying, and analyzing data is _____.
a. so that computers can be used.
b. to prove a law
c. to discard data that does not support the hypothesis
d. to find relationships among the data
7. Which of the following is the correct order for the steps of the scientific method listed below.
I.
perform an experiment
II
ask a question
III.
draw a conclusion
IV.
conduct research
V.
form a hypothesis
a. I, II, III, IV, V
b. II, I, V, III, IV
c. IV, II, I, V, III
d. II, IV, V, I, III
8. The variable that you plan to change during the course of an experiment is the _____ variable.
a. responding
b. manipulated
c. dependent
d. constant
9. The variable that responds to the variable that is changed during an experiment is called a ______ variable.
a. manipulated
b. dependent
c. independent
d. constant
10. Suppose that you experimentally determine the mass of nylon formed as a result of each of several similar
chemical processes. What are the measurements of mass called?
a. qualitative data
b. controls
c. quantitative data
d. independent variables
Use the following information to answer questions 11-14.
You are asked to study the effect of pressure on the volume of a balloon. You observe that the balloon’s size
decreases as the pressure applied to it increases.
11. In a correctly designed experiment, the manipulated variable is _____.
a. the pressure that is applied
c. the temperature of the air inside the balloon
b. the type of gas inside the balloon
d. the volume of the balloon
12. The dependent variable in your experiment is _____.
a. the pressure that is applied
c. the temperature of the air inside the balloon
b. the type of gas inside the balloon
d. the volume of the balloon
13. One of the variables that should be held constant is _____.
a. the type of balloon
c. the temperature of the air inside the balloon
b. the type of gas inside the balloon
d. all of the above
14. Which of the following types of graphs would be the best choice to illustrate any data that is collected?
a. line graph
b. circle/pie graph
c. bar graph
d. none of the above
15. Which of the following observations is quantitative?
a. The liquid turns blue litmus paper red
b. The liquid boils at 100oC
c. The liquid tastes bitter
d. The liquid is cloudy
16. Which of the following is a qualitative observation of a pencil?
a. color
b. diameter
c. mass
d. temperature
17. When constructing a graph, the manipulated variable is placed on _____ axis.
a. the z
b. the y
c. the x
d. either
The graph below represents the traffic data for a location over the course of a year. Use the graph to answer
questions 18 and 19.
18. During which month did 20,000 site visits occur?
a. Oct
b. Dec
c. Apr
d. Aug
19. During which months was there a decrease in the number of site visits?
a. Apr-Jul
b. Jul-Sep
c. Sep-Dec
d. Jan-Mar
20. Which kind of graph would be best to use with the following data?
M & M’s in a bag
Orange
Brown
Yellow
Green
Color
20
13
14
16
Percent
a. bar graph
b. line graph
c. circle graph
Blue
24
d. none of the above
21. The name of the measuring system used in science is the _____ system.
a. Metric
b. English
c. International
d. Russian
22. The measuring system used in science consists of _____ base units.
a. 9
b. 7
c. 5
d. 3
23. Measured quantities, such as length, mass, or time, can best be described as _____.
a. always uncertain b. sometimes uncertain
c. always certain
d. sometimes certain
24. _____ is a quantity measured with a base unit.
a. volume
b. time
c. speed
d. density
25. A unit that is defined by a combination of base units is called a _____ unit.
a. synthesized
b. manipulated
c. derived
d. combination
26. Which of the following quantities is NOT paired with the correct SI base unit of measurement?
a. volume: liter
b. temperature: Kelvin
c. time: second
d. length: meter
27. The amount of space is an object’s _____.
a. length
b. volume
c. temperature
d. mass
28. The device used to measure mass is the _____.
a. balance
b. graduated cylinder
c. meterstick
d. thermometer
29. The curve that forms at the surface of a liquid in a graduated cylinder is called a _____.
a. bubble
b. concave
c. meniscus
d. slope
30. All measurements should contain _____ estimated digit(s).
a. 3
b. 2
c. 1
d. 0
31. Which is the correct measurement for the liquid pictured above?
a. 73 mL
b. 74 mL
c. 70.3 mL
d. 73.0 mL
32. Which of the following is NOT a significant digit?
a. a value of 1 through 9
b. zeros to the right of a significant digit when a decimal point in written (trailing zeros)
c. zeros to the left of the first significant digit (leading zeros)
d. a zero between two digits that have values of 1 through 9
33. Which value has only 4 significant digits?
a. 8450
b. 6.930
c. 0.0450
d. 0.392
Red
13
34. How many significant digits are in the value 0.0050340?
a. 8
b. 7
c. 5
d. 4
35. A measurement that closely agrees with accepted values is said to be _____.
a. significant
b. reliable
c. precise
d. accurate
36. Poor precision of scientific measurements could be the result of _____.
a. the standard being too strict
b. human error
c. limitations of the measuring instrument
d. both human error and the limitations of the measuring instrument
Use the following information to answer questions 37-39.
The table below shows the data obtained by four groups of students during a lab investigation designed to determine
the boiling point of methanol. The accepted value for the boiling point of methanol is 78.5oC.
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Average
Boiling Point Data Collected by Student Groups
Group A
Group B
Group C
79oC
82oC
75oC
o
o
78 C
84.5 C
83oC
o
o
83.5 C
79 C
78.5oC
o
o
80.2 C
81.8 C
78.8oC
37. Whose data was the most precise?
a. Group A
b. Group B
c. Group C
d. Group D
38. Whose data was the most accurate?
a. Group A
b. Group B
c. Group C
d. Group D
39. What is the percent error for Group B’s average value?
a. 3.3%
b. 4.0%
c. 4.2%
Group D
80oC
80.5oC
79.5oC
80oC
d. 5.5%
Use the table below to answer question 40.
What is the effect of drinking soda on the heart rate?
Student
Cans of Soda
Heart Rate
(beats per minute)
1
0
73
2
1
84
3
2
89
4
4
96
40. In this experiment testing the effects of soda on students’ heart rates, which student serves as the control?
a. Student 4
b. Student 3
c. Student 2
d. Student 1
41. What is the correct measurement for the object pictured above?
a. 5.01 cm
b. 5.1 cm
c. 5.10 cm
d. 51.1 cm
42. Which answer has the correct number of significant figures for the calculation 2.660 ÷ 270 = ____?
a. 0.009852
b. 0.00985
c. 0.0099
d. 0.009
Name_________________________________
Part B: Short Answer.
43. During an experiment, a student measured the mass of 5 cm3 of an unknown liquid. The student then
measured the mass of 10 cm3 of the liquid. In this way, the student measured the mass of 20 cm3, 30 cm3, and
35cm3 of the liquid. The data that was collected is illustrated on the graph below.
a.
Based on the experiment described above, is the graph drawn correctly? Explain using specific details.
b.
Identify one variable that had to remain constant throughout the student’s data collection in order to ensure
that the results would be valid.____________________________________________________________
c.
If the accepted value for the mass of 25 cm3 of the liquid is 130 g, what is the student’s percent error?
(Show your work).
A.
B.
44. While collecting data during a lab, a student recorded a volume of 5.0 mL. Assuming the equipment was
used correctly; explain which cylinder pictured above was used to make the recorded measurement.
45. Students were asked to find the mass of a post -1982 penny. Their reported masses for each trial and an
average are listed below. The accepted mass of the penny is 2.59 g.
Trial #1
Trial #2
Trial #3
Average
a.
Student C
2.70 g
2.69 g
2.71 g
2.70 g
Illustrations of arrows and targets are often used to represent the accuracy and precision of a set of
measurements. Using this model, draw a diagram that represents each set of data above. Label each of
your drawings in terms of accuracy and precision.
Student A
b.
Students’ Reported Mass Data
Student A
Student B
2.54 g
2.40 g
2.60 g
2.68 g
2.57 g
2.45 g
2.57 g
2.51 g
Student B
Student C
Describe an example of a possible error that could have resulted in Student C’s measurements.