Download Cancer

Cancer
A group of diseases characterized
by the _________________ and
spread of _______________
Cancer Development Process
1. Cancer _________: various factors that
cause changes in a cells DNA (genetic
code)
- Spontaneous error
- genetic mutations
- Carcinogens
- Oncogenes: present and dormant at
birth
2. Cancer __________: the stimulation of
excessive growth of cells that have
been altered by a cancer initiator
- Estrogen
- Immunosuppressant drugs
3. Cancer ___________: occurs when a
tumor releases growth factors that
stimulate the growth of new blood
vessels to provide the tumor with a
blood supply.
 This process is called ______________.
Tumors – clumping of new
growth (neoplasmic) cells
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
__________ Tumor (noncancerous)
- cells enclosed in a fiberous capsule
____________ Tumor (cancerous)
a. Invasion: when cells invade surrounding
tissues
b. ______________: when cells break away
from site of origin, enter blood stream or
lymph system and are carried to other sites
Classification of Cancers –
type of tissues they affect
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
Carcinoma: Epithelial tissues (body
surfaces, line body cavities)
- skin, breast, lung, GI tract,
reproductive organs
Sarcoma: Middle layers of tissues
- connective tissues: bone, muscle,
ligaments, fascia
Classification of Cancers –
type of tissues they effect
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
Lymphomas: lymphatic system
Leukemia: affects blood
- proliferation of white blood cells
- bone marrow and spleen
Cancer Statistics


2nd leading cause of death in U.S.
555,000 deaths annually
Four major cancers account for most
cancer deaths
Lung Cancer

Risk factors
1. Cigarette smoking (nearly 90%)
2. Certain chemicals
Colorectal Cancer
Risk Factors
1. Heredity
2. Low intake of fruits, vegs, whole grains
3. Alcohol consumption
4. Excess body fat
5. Sedentary lifestyle
Dietary Intervention:

Breast Cancer
Risk Factors
1. Heredity (about 10%)
2. Alcohol consumption
3. Obesity (especially abdominal deposition)
4. Never having children
5. Early menstruation or late menopause
6. Sedentary lifestyle
7. HRT and birth control pills
Dietary Intervention:

A woman’s chance of being
diagnosed with breast cancer is:
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From
From
From
From
Ever
age
age
age
age
30
40
50
60
to
to
to
to
age
age
age
age
40
50
60
70
1
1
1
1
1
out
out
out
out
out
of
of
of
of
of
252
68
35
27
8
Average age of breast cancer diagnosis is 64
Prostate Cancer

Risk factors
1. Age
2. Low fruit & vegetable intake
Dietary Intervention:
7 Cancer Warning Signs
Preventing Cancer
“Things to avoid or limit”
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Tobacco & alcohol
Saturated fat and meat intake
Exposure to UV radiation
Charred, smoked, preserved meats
Environmental carcinogens
Obesity
Preventing Cancer
“Things to do”

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Increase intake of _______, ___________,
______________, and _________
- Curciferous vegs
- Citrus fruits & berries
- Dark-green leafy vegs
- Dark red, yellow, orange fruits/vegs
Exercise regularly
Next to prevention, early identification and
treatment offers the best chance for a _____
Breast Cancer

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Self-Breast Exam ____% lumps found)
- Perform __________
Physician Clinical Breast Exam
- Age 20-39: every 3 years
- 40+: yearly
Mammogram: yearly after age 40
Testicular Cancer
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Most common cancer in men age 20-35
Men with undescended testicles are at
increased risk – surgical treatment early
Testicular self-exam: perform _______