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AP Biology Study Guide
Chapter 16: The Origin and Evolution of Microbial Life
Opening Essay
1. Describe the formation of stromatolites and explain the significance of the organisms that produce them.
Prokaryotes
2. Describe the diverse roles and abundance of prokaryotic life.
3. Compare the characteristics of the three domains of life. Explain why biologists consider Archaea to be
more closely related to Eukarya than to Bacteria.
4. Compare the different shapes of prokaryotes.
5. Describe the structures and functions of the diverse features of prokaryotes. Explain how these features
have contributed to their success.
6. Describe the nutritional diversity of prokaryotes. Explain the significance of biofilms.
7. Describe the diverse types of Archaea living in extreme and more moderate environments.
8. Distinguish between the subgroups of the domain Bacteria, noting the particular structure, special features,
and habitats of each group.
9. Describe some of the diseases associated with bacteria. Distinguish between exotoxins and endotoxins,
noting examples of each.
10. Describe the history of bioterrorism and the effectiveness of anthrax as a weapon.
11. Describe the important natural roles and human uses of prokaryotes.
Protists
12. Describe the basic types of protists. Explain why biologists currently think that they represent many clades.
13. Explain how primary endosymbiosis and secondary endosymbiosis led to further cellular diversity.
14. Describe the major protist clades, noting characteristics and examples of each.
15. Describe the life cycle of Ulva, noting each form in the alternation of generations and how each is produced.
16. Explain how multicellular life may have evolved in eukaryotes.
C. Gay 11/1/08
Steamboat Springs High School AP Biology
Key Terms
alga (plural, algae)
foraminiferans
alternation of generations
gametophyte
alveolates
gram-positive bacteria
amoeba
gram stain
amoebozoan
green algae
apicomplexans
heterotroph
Archaea
methanogens
autotroph
parabasilids
bacillus (plural, bacilli)
parasite
Bacteria
pathogen
biofilm
peptidoglycan
bioremediation
photoautotroph
brown algae
photoheterotroph
cellular slime molds
pilus (plural, pili)
chemoautotroph
plasmodial slime mold
chemoheterotroph
plasmodium
chlamydia
proteobacteria
ciliates
protist
coccus (plural, cocci)
protozoan (plural, protozoa)
cyanobacteria
pseudopodium (plural, pseudopodia)
diatoms
radiolarians
dinoflagellates
red algae
diplomonads
secondary endosymbiosis
endospore
spirochetes
endotoxin
sporophyte
euglenozoans
stramenopiles
exotoxin
symbiosis
extreme halophile
water molds
extreme thermophile
C. Gay 11/1/08
Steamboat Springs High School AP Biology