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PREPARING FOR THE SCHOLARS’ CHALLENGE 1 PART 1 SPELLING BEE VOCABULARY RELAY GRAMMAR RELAY 2 SPELLING BEE Using your spelling spiral, study all of your spelling units and challenge words from the beginning of the school year to the present. VOCABULARY RELAY Words used in the competition are taken from VIA Book F, VIA Book G, and Wordly Wise Level 6. You should know: definitions of the words synonyms antonyms how to use the words in context (fill-ins) GRAMMAR RELAY 1. Be able to recognize all eight parts of speech: (nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections) 2. Recognize nouns forms: common or proper abstract nouns collective nouns count or noncount nouns singular and plural nouns possessive nouns 3. Recognize noun case and function A. Nominative Case subject subject complement nouns of direct address appositive to noun in nominative case B. Objective Case direct object indirect object object of a preposition appositive to a noun in objective case C. Possessive Case 4. Pronoun Forms personal pronouns a. subject pronouns b. object pronouns 3 c. compound personal pronouns 1. intensive pronouns 2. reflexive pronouns demonstrative pronouns interrogative pronouns indefinite pronouns 5. Agreement of pronouns and antecedents 6. Recognize pronoun case and function: A. Nominative Case subject subject complement nouns of direct address appositive to noun in nominative case B. Objective Case direct object indirect object object of a preposition appositive to a noun in objective case C. Possessive Case 7. Recognize Adjectives A. descriptive adjectives B. numerical adjectives C. definite and indefinite articles D. position of adjectives (preceding a noun, used as subjective complement) E. comparison of adjectives (positive, comparative, superlative) F. demonstrative adjectives G. interrogative adjectives H. indefinite adjectives I. adjective phrases (prepositional phrases used as adjectives) 8. Verbs A. principal parts of verbs B. verb phrases: main verbs and auxiliary verbs C. action verbs and linking verbs D. transitive and intransitive verbs E. simple verb tenses F. progressive tenses G. perfect tenses H. subject-verb agreement I. active and passive voice J. mood 1. indicative mood\ 2. emphatic mood 4 3. imperative mood 4. subjunctive mood k. modal auxiliaries 9. Recognize Adverbs A. adverbs of time B. adverbs of place C. adverbs of manner D. adverbs of degree E. adverbs of affirmation or negation F. comparison of adverbs (positive, comparative, superlative) G. adverb phrases (prepositional phrases used as adverbs) H. adverb clauses 10. Understand Sentence Structure A. subjects and predicates B. natural and inverted order C. kinds of sentences 1. declarative 2. imperative 3. interrogative 4. exclamatory D. sentence types 1. simple sentences 2. simples sentences with compound parts 3. compound sentences ( two independent clauses) 5. complex sentences (independent clause + dependent clause) 6. phrases 7. clauses (dependent and independent) 11. Recognize Conjunctions A. coordinate conjunctions B. subordinate conjunctions C. correlative conjunctions 12. Recognize Interjections 13. Punctuation A. End marks (period, question mark, exclamation point) B. commas 1. in a series 2. in addresses, dates, and geographic names 3. to set off an appositive that is nonrestrictive 4. to separate the clauses of a compound sentence connected by coordinating conjunctions 5. to set off direct quotations 5 C. semicolons 1. to separate the clauses of a compound sentence when they are not separated by a coordinating clause 2. to separate items in a series when the items themselves contain commas D. Colons 1. after the salutation of a business letter 2. before a list of items E. Quotation Marks 1. to set of direct quotations 2. to set off titles of songs, short stories, poems, magazine articles, newspaper articles, and episodes of TV shows F. Underlining: when handwriting, titles of books, magazines, newspapers, movies, plays, operas, TV series, and works of art (when typing, these are italicized instead) G. Apostrophes 1. to show possession 2. in contractions 3. used with s to show the plural of a lowercase letter (n’s) H. Hyphens 1. to divide a word at the end of a line 2. in compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine) 3. to separate parts of some compound words I. Capitalization 1. the first word in a sentence 2. the pronoun “I” 3. the first word of a direct quotation 4. a proper noun or proper adjective 5. a title before a name 6. North, South, East, and West when they refer to regions of the country (but not when they refer to direction) 7. each principal word in a title (but not a, an, the, and, or but, or prepositions unless they are the first or last word in the title) 14. Be able to diagram subject and predicate direct and indirect objects subject complements appositives intensive and reflexive pronouns prepositional phrases compound sentence parts compound sentences interjections adverb clauses 6 PART 2 MATH BASEBALL 7 MATH BASEBALL 1. Number sense and whole number computation place value through hundred-trilliions comparing, ordering, and rounding whole numbers exponents powers of ten scientific notation order of operations divisibility rules prime and composite numbers and prime factorization properties of addition and multiplication estimation in addition, subtraction, multiplication, division computation of whole numbers: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division multiplication and division by powers of ten 2. Decimal concepts and operations decimal place value compare, order, and round decimals estimate decimal sums, differences, products, and quotients perform operations with decimals: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division multiplication and division of decimals by powers of 10 repeating and termination decimals 3. Fraction concepts and operations understand meaning of fractions find equivalent fractions compare and order fractions; compare fractions and decimals reduce fractions to lowest terms find greatest common factor find least common multiple (or denominator) change mixed numbers to improper fractions and improper fractions to mixed numbers estimate fraction sums, differences,. products, and quotients add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions add, subtract, multiply, and divide mixed numbers convert fractions to decimals and decimals to fractions 4. Ratio, Proportions, and Percents understand ratio; state ratios in three ways understand rate solve proportions interpret scale models 8 understand map scale solve ratios with similar triangles understand the meaning of percent understand percent greater than 100% and less than 1% find percent of number convert among decimals, fractions, and percent find number when a percent is known] find the percent that one number is of another sales tax, interest, commission, discount 5. Data, Graphing, Statistics, and Probability understand the meaning of graphs understand and interpret line graphs, bar graphs, circle (pie) graphs recognize outliers in a set of data values be able to find range, scale, mode, median, and mean understand and be able to create stem and leaf plots understand and be able to create line plots understand and be able to create frequency charts understand and interpret scatterplots and trends recognize misleading graphs recognize experimental and theoretical probabilities create tree diagrams calculate probability of compound events with and without replacement 6. Geometry and Measurement recognize points, lines, rays, and segments; recognize their symbols recognize parallel, intersecting, perpendicular, and skew lines recognize and measure angles a. acute, right, obtuse, straight angles b. vertical angles c. complementary and supplementary angles identify types of triangles a. by side: equilateral, isosceles, scalene b. by angle: equiangular, right, obtuse c. given two angle measures, find third recognize other polygons (quadrilaterals, pentagons, octagons, etc.) find angle sums of polygons recognize similar and congruent polygons recognize parts of a circle: radius, diameter, chord, find perimeter of polygons; find circumference of circles calculate area of square, rectangle, triangle, parallelogram, trapezoid, circle, irregular figures convert measures of metric length (meter, centimeter, etc.) convert measures of metric capacity (liter, milliliter, etc.) 9 convert measures of metric mass (gram,. kilogram, etc.) convert measures of customary length (inch, foot, yard, mile) convert measures of customary capacity (ounce, cup, pint, quart, gallon) convert measures of customary mass (ounce, pound, ton) recognize polyhedrons (space figures): pyramid, prism, cylinder, sphere determine faces, edges, and vertices of polyhedrons (Euler’s formula) calculate volume of polyhedrons calculate surface area of polyhedrons recognize tesselations recognize line symmetry and rotational symmetry identify motion geometry: rotations, reflections, translations identify and plot points on coordinate graphs with both positive and negative coordinates 7. Algebra Concepts identify, order, and compare positive and negative integers add, subtract, multiply, and divide integers understand variables, constants, expressions, and equations solve addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division equations use order of operations to solve equations write an equation to solve a problem evaluate expressions and solve equations with fractions and decimals 8. Word Problems (strategies for solving) use logical reasoning use algebraic formulas or equations make a chart or table draw a picture or diagram multi-step problems guess and check make an organized list work backwards look for a pattern 10 PART 3 SCIENCE JEOPARDY 11 SCIENCE JEOPARDY I. Matter and Chemistry Concepts matter volume mass malleable ductile soluble physical change chemical change solid gas plasma surface tension evaporation Boyle’s Law Charles’s Law elements compounds ions pure substance physical properties chemical properties nonmetals solution metalloids alloy conductors suspension atom mass number period electron atomic number family (group) proton periodic table alkali metals transition metals meniscus atomic mass taxonomy class species protista prokariotes Linnaeus order scientific name fungi unicellular III. Classification classification phylum genus eubacteria animals IV. Characteristics of Life proteins amino acids enzymes lipids phospholipids nucleic acids ATP stimulus homeostasis energy metabolism producers decomposers photosynthesis six elements found in all living things four basic needs of every living organism inertia density liquid condensation sublimation isotopes metals mixture colloid neutron Gregor Mendeleev alkaline-earth metals kingdom family archaebacteria plants multicellular carbohydrates nucleotides DNA consumers V. Cells About how many cells does the human body contain? About how many different kinds of cells does the human body contain? cell tissue organ system organism unicellular multicellular population community ecosystem cell theory cell membrane DNA organelle prokaryotic eukaryotic cell wall nucleus nucleolus ribosomes mitochondria chloroplasts Golgi bodies endoplasmic reticulum vesicles vacuoles lysosomes cytoplasm ATP nuclear membrane 12 VI. Endocrine System feedback controls hormone hypothalamus parathyroid pancreas epinephrine (adrenaline) fight or flight response puberty endocrine system homeostasis pituitary gland thymus ovaries insulin growth hormone gland metabolism thyroid adrenal glands testes glucose master gland VII. Reproductive System asexual reproduction internal fertilization marsupials binary fission implantation meioisis penis urethra epididymis menstruation uterus cervix embryo puberty placenta sexual reproduction monotremes budding spore formation egg (ovum, ova) mitosis semen testis scrotum fallopian tubes vagina ovulation zygote ovulation fertilization external fertilization placental mammals fragmentation fertilization sperm infertile VIII. Genetics and Heredity genes mutation purebred cross-pollination x-chromosome base pairs dominant trait true-breeding hybrid y-chromosome double helix recessive trait self-pollination punnet square seminiferous tubules vas deferens prostate gland ovaries urethra placenta fetus umbilical cord amnion xy-chromosome pair genome xx-chromosome pair alleles phenotype heterozygous adenosine cytosine mRNA autosome James Watson carrier genotype DNA guanine protein tRNA chromosome Gregor Mendel clone homozygous nucleotides thymine amino acids codon Francis Crick hybrid genetic engineering 13 PART 4 CORE KNOWLEDGE 14 CORE KNOWLEDGE JEOPARDY I. Geography and Lakes lake rift valley derrick canal Lake Tanganyika Lake Victoria The Great Lakes Lake Maracaibo Lake Superior Lake Erie Lake Baikal Caspian Sea All states and capital of the U.S. II. Renaissance Art A. Artists Verrochio Raphael Leonardo Michelangelo Ghirlandaio Donatello Boccaccio Durer game reserve lock gulf Zaire Lake Titicaca Lake Huron Lake Ontario Aral Sea Lake Chad Lake Michigan Niagara Falls Titian Jan van Eyck Brunelleschi Massaccio Petrus Christus Hans Holbein Bruegel Artemesia Gentilleschi Lorenzo Ghiberti B. Art Marriage of the Virgin St. Eligius The Moses The Creation of Adam Lady with an Ermine Arnolfini’s Wedding Old Man and His Grandson The Birth of Venus The Duomo C. Art Techniques linear perspective sfumato triangular composition The School of Athens Pope Julius II The David The Pieta The Holy Family The Sistine Chapel The Last Judgment The Mona Lisa The Last Supper Vitruvian Man The Ambassadors The Harvesters The Bronze David Primavera Leonardo’s angel Judith Slaying Holosfernes Dome of St. Peter’s Basilica aerial perspective fresco contrapposto III. Renaissance people, places, and terms Florence Venice Francesco Petrarch Dante Alighieri Miguel de Cervantes Giovanni Boccaccio Niccolo Machiavelli William Shakespeare Pico della Mirandola Geoffrey Chaucer Johannes Gutenberg Gargantua and Pantagruel The Decameron The Praise of Folly The Italian sonnet humanism chiaroscuro tempera anamorphosis Rome Baldassar Castiglione Desiderio Erasmus Francois Rabelais Aldus Manutius Macbeth The Prince The Adventures of Don Quixote The Courtier A Midsummer Night’s Dream Oration on the Dignity of Man Cosimo de Medici Lorenzo de Medici 15 artisan Pope Julius II Pope Clement VII sack of Rome sprezzatura Lucrezia Borgia IV. England Mary Tudor progresses Ann Boleyn Mary, Queen of Scots Parliament Globe Theater Sir Walter Raleigh James Stuart Puritans King Charles I Roundheads Royalists treason sword rule bubonic plague William of Orange English Bill of Rights apothecary Pope Sixtus IV basilica Renaissance man Roderigo Borgia machiavellian Pope Nicholas V Pope Leo X indulgences courtier Cesare Borgia quixotic Edward VI coronation Elizabeth I Church of England aristocrat Sir Francis Drake Roanoke Jamestown Pilgrims Presbyterians Cavaliers gentry Lord Protector King Charles II King James II “Protestant Wind” Invincible Armada King Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon Tower of London William Shakespeare galleon King Phillip II of Spain divine right of kings Plymouth Parliament Oliver Cromwell New Model Army The Restoration Royal Oak Immortal Seven the Glorious Revolution V. Japan archipelago Honshu Amaterasu Nara typhoon nirvana Four Noble Truths samurai daimyo haiku Basho kamikazi Edo five major islands Tokyo Shinto Fuji Eightfold Path enlightenment Nippon Yoritomo Code of Bushido kabuki Mongols Jesuits Matthew Perry ring of fire Yamoto clan Buddhism kami dharma wheel Siddhartha Guatama Zen shogun seppuku Noh Kublai Khan Nagasaki VI. Russia Slavs Rus Constantinople Princess Olga Vikings tribute Kiev Igor Scandinavia icons Byzantine Empire patriarch Mongols Prince Vladimir Orthodox Christianity 16 steppe Moscow boyars Sophia St. Basil’s Siberia Mikhail Romanov St. Petersburg Urals Muscovy czar serf time of troubles Tartars Prince Ivan I Ivan III (Ivan the Great) kremlin czarina Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) Odessa Ivan Romanov Peter the Great VII. American History Before the Civil War Daniel Boone Wilderness Trail flatboats Northwest Territory William Clark Thomas Jefferson Mandan Indians Charbonneau Shoshone Indians Hidatsa Indians Zebulon Pike Pike’s Peak William Henry Harrison Tecumseh Tippecanoe War of 1812 turnpike steamboat paddle wheels steam engine Fulton’s Folly DeWitt Clinton Peter Cooper Indian Territory Five Civilized Tribes Sequoya stockades Seminole Indians Osceola Everglades Boonesboro Louisiana Territory Merriwether Lewis Sacagawea Continental Divide Battle of Fallen Timbers Shawnee Indians stagecoach Robert Fulton Clermont Erie Canal Indian Removal Act Andrew Jackson Trail of Tears Manifest Destiny VIII. Local History Chief Mahackemo fodder country pay West Indies Middlesex George Gorham flax and hemp sawmill King’s Highway Congregational Church Daniel Patrick maize grist mill Country Road cider VIII. Civil War A. Causes of the Civil War Maj. Robert Anderson Gen. P.G.T Beauregard William Lloyd Garrison Sen. Charles Sumner Roger B. Taney Preston Brooks Dred Scott cotton gin Mexican Cession Underground Railroad Pottawatomie Massacre Know-Nothing Party Abner Doubleday Booker T. Washington Harriet Beecher Stowe Stephen A. Douglas Border Ruffians Jayhawkers Fort Sumter Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott Decision Republican Party Eli Whitney John C. Calhoun Nat Turner Henry Clay Harriet Tubman John Brown states’ rights abolitionists Fugitive Slave Act popular sovereignty Harper’s Ferry disunion 17 secession Free Soil Party B. LIFE OF A SOLDIER Zouaves bounty jumpers skedaddle flank outflank bayonet haversack foraging hardtack guidon color guard bombproof cavalry commutation fee dessicated vegetables teamster Army of the Potomac B. CIVIL WAR BATTLES Fort Sumter Seven Days’ Battles Battle of Chancellorsville Gen. Irvin McDowell Gen. Joe Hooker Sgt. Richard Kirkland Battle of Gettysburg General Robert E. Lee Gen. John Reynolds Gen. Richard Ewell Gen. Jubal Early Gen. Governeur Warren Marcellus Jones Gen. JEB Stuart Tille Pierce Cemetery Hill The Peach Orchard Little Round Top Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock Gen. Oliver Otis Howard Southern Democrats Northern Democrats kepi goober peas housewife rout battery siege Minie ball ration kush skillygallee chaplain dog tent infantry Conscription Act substitute Andersonville Army of Northern Virginia knapsack picket shirker campaign guerillas seeing the elephant repeating rifle mess shebang Sibley tent sutler battle honors artillery train engineer Commissary Dept. 1st Battle of Bull Run Battle of Fredericksburg the Mud March Gen. George McClellan Gen. Stonewall Jackson 2nd Battle of Bull Run Battle of Antietam Marye’s Heights Ambrose Burnside Gen. John Pope Gen. George G. Meade Col. Joshua L.. Chamberlain Gen. James Longstreet Gen. Dan Sickles Porter Alexander Henry Heth John Burns Jenny Wade Culp’s Hill the Wheatfield the Slaughter Pen Gen. Lewis Armistead Harrison John Buford Gen. A.P. Hill Gen. George Picket George Sandoe Gen. John Bell Hood Hettie Schriver Seminary Ridge Devil’s Den (Big) Round Top Bloody Run Gen. Adelbert Ames C. The 17th Connecticut Volunteers Camp Aiken Seaside Park P.T. Barnum Tom Thumb Douglas Fowler Alan Brady Franz Sigel Camp Nellie Seward Col. William Noble Elias Howe, Jr. General Wool Fort Marshall 18 Tenallytown Joseph Hawkins Thoroughfare Gap Chancellorsville Welaka, FL Louisiana Tigers corduroy roads Enfield rifles Brooke’s Station Gen. Joe Hooker Barlow’s Knoll Andersonville Kill von Krull Fort Kearney 11th Corps Hubert Dilger Cemetery Hill Libby Prison PART 5 SPORTSMANSHIP 19