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Name _______________________ Date ___________ Period _______ CELL CYCLE In the space provided in the figure below, write the letter of the phase of the cell cycle that matches each phase in the figure. PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE * a. b. c. d. prophase G1 telophase metaphase * * e. f. g. h. * S cytokinesis G2 anaphase * * * * Sketch and label an animal cell in interphase (Cell carrying on its normal activities). See chapter 4 on cells. CELL DIVISION 1 Label all parts of each cell in the cell cycle and explain what is occurring at each stage. Stage (Label all structures) What's occurring? INTERPHASE PROPHASE METAPHASE Stage (Label all structures) What's occurring? 2 ANAPHASE TELOPHASE CYTOKINESIS * * * * * * * * * MITOSIS 3 * * * MULTIPLE CHOICE: Circle the letter of the answer that best completes the statement. DNA that is spread out in a non-dividing cell is called _____________________. A. chromosomes B. chromatin The two copies of each chromosome that are the same size, same shape, and carry genes for the same traits are called ___________________________ chromosomes. A. maternal B. paternal C. heterozygous D. homologous As a cell grows in size, which increases more rapidly? A. its volume B. its surface area The two chromatid arms on a chromosome are ____________________. A. identical copies B. similar but not identical Homologous chromosomes are _____________________. A. identical copies B. similar but not identical Cells spend most of their lifetime in _____________________ phase of interphase. A. Mitosis B. S C. G1 D. G2 MATCHING: Match the vocabulary word with its definition: _____ framework of microtubules to which chromosomes attach during cell division to pull them to the poles _____ paired structures that appear next to the nucleus during prophase to separate chromosomes _____ constricted area in a pair of chromosomes that holds the two chromatids together _____ region where the centrioles are located _____ one of the two homologous strands of a chromosome * * * * * * * * * MATCH THE PHASE WITH WHAT HAPPENS: 4 * A. Chromatid B. Centriole C. Centromere D. Centrosome E. Spindle * * You CAN use them more than once S G1 G2 G0 Mitosis (M) Cytokinesis (C) _______ Cells leave the cell cycle and stop dividing _______ Division of chromosomes happens _______ Division of cytoplasm happens _______ Cell makes the molecules and organelles needed for cell division _______ Made up of telophase, anaphase, prophase, metaphase _______ Cell is reading the DNA code and “doing its job” _______ Cell makes a copy of its DNA * * * * * * * * * * * * MATCH THE PHASE WITH WHAT HAPPENS: You CAN use them more than once! Interphase (I) Prophase (P) Cytokinesis (C) Telophase (T) Anaphase (A) Metaphase (M) _______ DNA is all spread out as chromatin and nuclear membrane is visible _______ DNA scrunches up and chromosomes are first visible _______ Chromosomes line up in middle of cell _______ DNA is copied and cell prepares to divide _______ Chromatid arms separate and move to opposite ends of the cell _______ Nuclear membrane & nucleolus disappear _______ Two nuclei are visible 5 _______ First dividing phase _______ Made up of _______ Centrosomes containing centrioles & spindle fibers appear next to nucleus _______ Cytoplasm is split between two cells (cytokinesis) _______ Spindle fibers and centrioles disappear _______ Chromosomes unwind into chromatin & nucleus returns _______ Centromeres split _______ Spindle fibers form and attach to centromeres G1, S, G2 EVENTS of the CELL CYCLE The parts of the cell cycle are interphase (G1, S, and G2), mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase), and cytokinesis. The following events occur in these phases. Write the correct name for the part of the cell cycle in which each event occurs. __________1. DNA is replicated __________2. Most protein synthesis occurs in a cell __________3. Microtubules form the spindle __________4. In animal cells the centrioles separate __________5. Cell plate forms from membranes of the ER in plant cells __________6. Cell matures and carries on its normal activities __________7. Animal cell pinches together at the center __________8. Cleavage furrow forms in animal cells __________9. The cell prepares for cell division by making more cytoplasm, proteins, and organelles __________10. The nucleolus begins to break down and disappear __________11. Nuclear envelope reforms from the ER __________12. Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell __________13. Non-dividing cells may leave this phase and enter the G0 phase __________14. Sister chromatids are separated and pulled to the poles __________15. The nucleolus reforms and becomes visible inside the nucleus again __________16. The spindle is broken down * * * * * * * * * 6 * * * Cell Cycle Controls There are several checkpoints during the cell cycle. Identify what is happening during each checkpoint: G1 S G2 Metaphase Name those regulators! 1. STOPS cells from dividing; “suppresses” cell division: ___________________ 2. Promotes cell division: ___________________________ 3. P53 is an example of a: ________________________ Cells usually receive signals from surrounding cells. What happens when some neighboring cells die? Unregulated cell division is called: ___________________________ Chemicals that cause MUTATIONS: ________________________ Chemicals that cause CANCER: ____________________________ What is the difference between BENIGN and MALIGNANT tumors? Spreading of cancer cells throughout the body via the blood stream: _____________ 7