Download CLAVICLE

THE CLAVICLE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
 UNDERSTAND THE GENERAL AND SPECIAL FEATURES OF CLAVICLE
 APPRECIATE THE IMPORTANCE OF CLAVICLE IN BODY
 UNDERSTAND THE CAUSES OF CLAVICLE FRACTURES AND ITS
EFFECTS
LECTURE OUTLINE
OUTLINES
 INTRODUCTION
 DETERMINATION OF SIDE
 DEVELOPMENT
 FUNCTIONS OF CLAVICLE
 CLAVICLE-MEDIAL AND LATERAL ARTICULATIONS
 ATTACHMENTS ON CLAVICLE
 FRACTURED CLAVICLE
 CLINICAL CONNECTION
 SYMPTOMS OF FRACTURED CLAVICLE
THE CLAVICLE
 The clavicle is convex in shape anteriorly near the sternal junction.
 The clavicle is concave anteriorly on its lateral edge near the acromion.
 It connects the arm to the body, located directly above the first rib.
 It has a rounded medial end and a flattened lateral end.
 It acts as a strut to keep the scapula in position so the arm can hang freely.
 Medially, it articulates with the manubrium at the sternoclavicular joint.
 At its lateral end it articulates with the acromion of the scapula at the
acromioclavicular joint.
SIDE DETERMINATION
 THE MEDIAL 2/3RD IS ROUNDED
 THE LATERAL 1/3RD IS FLAT
 THE UNDERSURFACE BEARS A SUBCLAVIAN GROOVE WHICH
EXTENDS AS FAR AS THE CONOID TUBERCLE
DEVELOPMENT
 The clavicle is the first bone to begin the process of ossification during
development of the embryo, during the 5th and 6th weeks of gestation.
 It is one of the last bones to finish ossification, at about 21-25 years of age.
 It forms by intramembranous ossification
 It consists of a mass of cancellous bone surrounded by a compact bone shell.
 The cancellous bone forms via two ossification centres, one medial and one
lateral, which fuse later on.
 The compact bone forms as the layer of fascia covering the bone stimulates the
ossification of adjacent tissue.
FUNCTIONS OF CLAVICLE
 Transmits physical impacts from the upper limb to the axial skeleton
 Covers the cervicoaxillary canal, through which several important structures pass.
 Serves as a rigid support from which the scapula and free limb are suspended.
 This arrangement keeps the upper limb away from the thorax so that the arm has
maximum range of movement.
CLAVICLE-medial and lateral articulations
Sternoclavicular articulation.
The left shoulder and acromioclavicular joints
ATTACHMENTS
Attachments on clavicle
Muscle/Ligament
Superior surface and anterior border
Deltoid
Superior surface
Trapezius
Inferior surface
Subclavius
Inferior surface
Conoid ligament
Inferior surface
Trapezoid ligament
Anterior border
Pectoralis major
Posterior border
Sternocleidomastoid
Posterior border
Sternohyoid
Posterior border
Trapezius
CLAVICLE FRACTURES:
 Clavicle fractures involve approximately 5% of all fractures seen in hospital
emergency admissions.
 Clavicles are the most commonly broken bone in the human body.
 It is most often fractured in the middle third of its length
 .Children and infants are particularly prone to it.

CLINICAL CORRELATION
 A fall on an outstretched arm injury can lead to a fractured clavicle
 The clavicle is weakest at the junction of the two curvatures, medial and lateral.
 Forces are generated through the upper limb to the trunk during a fall
 Therefore, most breaks occur approximately in the middle of the clavicle
SYMPTOMS OF FRACTURED CLAVICLE
 Pain, particularly with upper extremity movement
 Swelling
 Often, after the swelling has subsided, the fracture can be felt through the skin.
 Sharp pain when any movement is made.
 Referred pain: dull to extreme ache in and around clavicle area, including
surrounding muscles