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Name: ___________________________________________ 6th Grade Science Date: ________________ Period: _______________ Unit 2: Matter and Energy in Organisms and Ecosystems Vocabulary Lesson 1: Ecosystems 1. 2. 3. 4. Ecosystem: all the living things and nonliving things in a given area. Abiotic Factor: the non-living parts of an ecosystem. Biotic Factors: living or ONCE living things in an ecosystem. Habitat: the place within an ecosystem that provides food, water, shelter, and other biotic and abiotic factors an organism needs to survive and reproduce 5. Population: all the organisms of the same species that live in the same area at the same time. 6. Community: all the populations living in the same area at the same time. 7. Population density: the size of a population compared to the amount of space available. 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒. Lesson 2: Relationships within and Ecosystem 1. Niche: the way a species interacts with abiotic and biotic factors to obtain food, find shelter, and fulfill other needs. 2. Competition: describes the demand for resources, such as food, water, and shelter, in short supply in a community. 3. Overpopulation: occurs when a population becomes so large that it causes damage to the environment. 4. Predation: the act of one organism, a predator, feeding on another organism, its prey. 5. Predator: the organism that does the killing 6. Prey: the organism that is killed. 7. Symbiosis: is a close, long term relationship between two species that usually involves an exchange of food of energy. (Lesson 2 Vocab continued on back) 8. Mutualism: a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit. 9. Commensalism: a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other neither benefits nor is harmed. 10. Parasitism: a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits while the other is harmed. 11. Parasite: one organism living on or inside another organism and harming it. 12. Host: the organism that a parasite lives in or on. Lesson 3: Matter & Energy in Ecosystems 1. Producer: organisms that use an outside energy source, such as the sun, and produce their own food. 2. Consumer: organisms that cannot make their own food. 3. Herbivore: consumers that eat only plants. 4. Carnivores: consumers that eat only animals. 5. Omnivores: consumers that eat both plants and animals. 6. Scavenger: a carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms. 7. Decomposers: break down wastes and dead organisms and return raw materials to the ecosystem. 8. Food chain: a model that shows how energy flows in an ecosystem. 9. Food web: a model of energy transfer that can show how the food chains in the community are interconnected. 10. Energy pyramid: shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web.