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Chapter 8 Lesson 1 What effect did the physical features of China have on its early development? *Geographic Features of China How did the Chinese language develop? SHANG DYNASTY **Shang Kings ** Isolated barriers ***China is bordered on the east by the oceans, the west by the deserts, the north is the Gobi desert. * China is geographically isolated, which made goods hard to obtain. ** The River Systems *Chang Jiang and Huang He Rivers deposit silt after floods that create fertile soil ** Varied Climate *western China is dry * northern China has seasons this allows varied types of crops * rice is grown in the South *wheat and millet are grown in the north. *ruled by generations *kings were responsible for religious activities *they made war with nomadic people **Shang Families *respect for parents and ancestors important *family spirits would bring good fortune to the family *make animal sacrifices to honor the spirits **Developing Language received messages from gods through oracle bones *royal priests interpreted the answers *the scratched marks were an early form of a writing system *Shang developed a writing system using pictographs *used simple drawings or characters for words *to be barely able to read you had to know 1,500 characters *an educated person had to know 10,000 characters *The writing system helped to unify a large and varied land How were the Zhou able to conquer Shang lands? **The Zhou and the Dynastic Cy *the dynastic cycle is the pattern of the rise and fall *the rulers needed approval from the gods *the Mandate of Heaven happened when the gods were angry *the Zhou adopted some of the Shang ways **Zhou Government *the Zhou did not have a strong gov *family members were in charge of other regions *local rulers owed loyalty and military service *kings promised protection *lords became less dependent on the kings *the land they added expanded the Chinese territory **Time of the Warring States *invasions were happening in Chinese lands *800B.C nomads invaded the north and west *771 B.C invaders destroy the city and kill the king *403 B.C was known as the time of the warring states Chapter 8 Lesson 2 Philosophy – Legalism – Confucianism – Filial Piety – Daoism – How did Legalism suggest That society be controlled strict laws and enforcing Punishment What actions did Confucius believe Would bring order To China respect, proper conduct, the 5 relationships What did Daoists Believe about Society? individuals had to live in harmony with nature And inner feelings Chapter 8 Lesson 3 Qin Shi Huangdi Han Dynasty Bureaucracy How did the Qin dynasty created a strong gov, Unify China? Took land away from the nobles, Built highways and irrigation Projects, forced peasants to Work, set high taxes, set standards Of weight, measurement, coins and Writing. How did the Han rule China? They used a bureaucracy What was life Like in Han China? worked on farms, lived in villages, lived in cities, worked in business, Most lived in 1 or 2 story houses. Rich had oxen, poor did not, both Had simple tools to make life easier Chapter 8 Lesson 4 Silk Roads Overland trade routes Trans-Eurasian trails stretched across two Continents, Europe and Asia Cultural diffusion spread of ideas and customs What kinds of Goods moved Along the Silk Roads?