Download Chapter 5 Cell Growth and Division

Cell Growth and Division
Chapter 5
Mr. Scott
 Limits to cell growth
10-1 Cell Growth
 The ________________ a cell is, the more demands the cell places on its
_______________________________.
 The cell has trouble moving enough ______________________________
across the cell membrane
10-1 Cell Growth
 DNA “overload”
 DNA –
 Small cells have ____________ need for that information than big
cells
 Big cells may need so much information that the single copy of DNA
cannot provide it to all areas of the cell
10-1 Cell Growth
 Exchanging materials

Surface area of a cell determines the amount of material exchanged


 Total area of the cell membrane
Volume of a cell determines how fast these materials are produced
(waste) or used (food and oxygen)
10-1 Cell Growth
 Ratio of surface area to volume
 Surface area / volume
 Surface area


units 2
 Volume

 units 3
10-1 Cell Growth
 If the length of the cell doubles what happens to the ______?
Volume
Surface Area
 Ratio SA / V
 W hat does this do to the cell?


 Division of the cell
10-1 Cell Growth
 Cell division
 The process by which a cell _____________________________
 This occurs when the cell becomes too big
 Before a cell divides, it __________________________________
10-2 Cell Division
 Chromosomes
 Carries the cells ____________________ from one generation to the next.
 Made of _______________________________________________
 Each cell contains a specific number of chromosomes
 Humans – 46
 Ap e s - 4 8
 Flies - 8
 Carrot – 18
 Dog - 78
10-2 Cell Division
 Chromatids
 One of two __________________ “sister” parts of a duplicated
chromosome

 Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
10-2 Cell Division
 The cell cycle
 Interphase
 Period of the cell cycle between ___________________________
 Cell cycle
 During the cell cycle, a cell
______________________________________________________
each of which then begins the cycle again
10-2 Cell Division
 Events of the cell cycle
 G1 phase

 S phase

DNA replication
 G2 phase

 M phase

)
 Mitosis
10-2 Cell Division
 Division of the cell nucleus
 Four phases (PMAT)

10-2 Cell Division
 Prophase
 1st phase

 Chromosomes become visible

 Centrioles separate
 Spindles begin to form
10-2 Cell Division
 Metaphase
 Chromosomes ____________________________________
 Each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber
10-2 Cell Division
 Anaphase
 Sister chromatids __________________________________
 Chromosomes move toward opposite poles
10-2 Cell Division
 Telophase
 Chromosomes gather at the poles and lose their shape
 ______________________________ surround each set of
chromosomes
 Cytokinesis
10-2 Cell Division
 Division of the _______________________________________
 Each daughter cell has an identical set of chromosomes
10-3 Regulating the Cell Cycle
 Controls of cell division
 Cell growth can be turned on or off
 On

 Off

 Cell cycle regulators
10-3 Regulating the Cell Cycle
 Something that tells the cell when it is time to divide, duplicate their
chromosomes, or enter another phase

 Protein that cause spindles to form
 Regulate the timing of the cell cycle
in eukaryotic cells
Regulating the Cell Cycle
 Internal regulators
 __________________________ that respond to events inside the cell
 Allow the cell to proceed only when certain processes have happened
Regulating the Cell Cycle
 External regulators
 Proteins that respond to events ____________________ the cell
 Direct the cell to speed up or slow down the cell cycle
 Ex. _____________________________
 Uncontrolled cell growth
Regulating the Cell Cycle

 Cancer cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of
most cells


Asexual Reproduction
_______________________________ is similar in function to mitosis.
Asexual reproduction is the creation of offspring from a single parent.
 Binary fission produces two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent
cell.
 Binary fission occurs in ______________________.
Asexual Reproduction
 Environment determines what form of reproduction is most advantageous.
 Asexual reproduction is an advantage in
______________________________.
 Sexual reproduction is an advantage in ____________________________.
Asexual Reproduction
 Some eukaryotes reproduce through mitosis.
 _____________________ forms a new organism from a small projection
growing on the surface of the parent.
Asexual Reproduction
 ___________________ is the splitting of the parent into pieces that each grow
into a new organism.
•
Vegetative reproduction forms a
_______________________________________________ on the parent
plant.
Multicellular Life
 Multicellular organisms depend on interactions among different cell types.
 ____________________ are groups of cells that perform a similar function.
 Organs are groups of ____________________ that perform a specific or
related function.
 Organ systems are groups of organs that carry out similar functions.

Multicellular Life
Specialized cells perform specific functions.
 Cells develop into their mature forms through the process of
___________________________________
 Cells differ because different combinations of genes are expressed.
 A cell’s location in an __________________________ helps determine
how it will differentiate.
Multicellular Life
 Stem cells are unique body cells.
 Stem cells have the ability to:
 __________________________________ themselves
 remain _______________________________________ in form
 develop into a variety of specialized cell types
Multicellular Life
 Stem cells are classified into three types.
 ______________________________, or growing into any other cell type
 ______________________________, or growing into any cell type but a
totipotent cell
 ______________________________, or growing into cells of a closely
related cell family
Multicellular Life
 Stem cells come from adults and embryos.




Adult stem cells can be hard to isolate and grow.
The use of adult stem cells may prevent transplant rejection.
The use of embryonic stem cells raises ethical issues
Embryonic stem cells are ______________________and can be grown
indefinitely in culture.
Multicellular Life
 The use of stem cells offers many currently realized and potential benefits.
 Stem cells are used to treat
______________________________________.
 Stem cells may cure disease or replace damaged ___________________.
 Stem cells may revolutionize the drug development process.