Download Europe Test Study Guide 2011

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Period: ___________
Europe Test Study Guide 2011
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PEOPLE
This portion of the test is a matching section. Identify important information about each person.
Aristotle: Famous philosopher that taught Alexander the Great (
Alexander the Great: Warrior that spread Greek culture by conquering lands as far east as India
Julius Caesar: Roman general that took control of Rome and was stabbed to death on the Senate
floor
Augustus: Roman emperor that created a time of peace in Rome called the Pax Romana
Constantine: Roman emperor that made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire
(Charlemagne: First Holy Roman Emperor
Leonardo da Vinci: Renaissance painter and scientist that painted the Mona Lisa
Napoleon Bonaparte: The French Revolution ended when he came to power
EVENTS
This is a matching section on the test. Identify important information about each time period.
Middle Ages: Time period in which the Church’s role became more important in society (pg 81)
Crusades: A series of military expeditions to win back the Holy Land (pg 83)
Renaissance: A period of rebirth and creativity (pg 83)
Reformation: Caused the creation of a new part of Christianity called Protestant (pg 83)
French Revolution: Occurred because people were unhappy with King Louis XVI and Marie
Antoinette (pg 85)
Industrial Revolution: A period in which goods began to be manufactured by power-driven
machines (pg 87)
Scientific Revolution: A period of great scientific change and discovery (pg 87)
VOCABULARY
This is a matching section on the test. Define each term.
City-state: A region in ancient Greece that shared a common form of government and language
(pg 75)
Polis: A central city inside a city-state (pg 75)
Democracy: Type of government in which citizens take part in the government (pg 75)
Oligarchy: Type of government in which a few powerful, wealthy individuals rule (pg 75)
Senate: An assembly of elected representatives in Rome (pg 77)
Republic: A nation in which power belongs to the people, who govern themselves through elected
representatives (pg 77)
Patrician: A member of Roman society that was from a wealthy, landowning family (pg 77)
Plebian: A member of Roman society that was a farmer or craftsperson (pg 77)
Feudalism: A system of political ties in which kings gave out land to knights in exchange for
soldiers (pg 81)
Manorialism: A system in which peasants worked on a lord’s land and supplied him with food in
exchange for protection (pg 81)
Magna Carta: A document that limited the British king’s power (pg 81)
Guild: A group that protected worker’s rights, set wages, set prices, and settled disputes (pg 81)
Nationalism: A strong loyalty to one’s own country and culture (pg 89)
Imperialism: The practice of extending a nation’s power over other weaker countries (pg 89)
Colonialism: A system in which a country maintains colonies outside its borders (pg 89)
Section One: Types of Government
page ______ of your notebook
Where was the first democratic government created?
Athens, Greece
List characteristics of monarchy as applied in ancient Greece.
1. Citizens paid taxes to their ruler in exchange for protection
2. Rulers inherited power from their parents
List characteristics of oligarchy as applied in ancient Greece.
1. Aristocrats have the power
2. A few people rule
3. Ordinary people have little say in the government
Why did oligarchy decline in ancient Greece?
The government wasn’t helping most of its citizens
List three characteristics of tyranny as applied in ancient Greece.
1. One person illegally seizes control
2 Middle class supporters help put a leader in power
Why did tyranny decline in ancient Greece?
The leaders became greedy and were overthrown
List one characteristic of democracy as applied in ancient Greece.
All male citizens could participate
Section Two: Communist Theory
page ______ of your notebook
Who wrote explained communist theory in the book Communist Manifesto?
Karl Marx
List three characteristics of capitalism.
1. Private ownership of industry
2. Freedom of competition
3. Results in UNEQUAL economic classes
List three characteristics of socialism.
1. Government ownership of industry
2. Aims for a classless society
3. Goal is to bring economic equality
List one characteristic of communism.
No government is needed
Section Three: Soviet Union
pages ______ of your notebook
Describe the differences between the tsar/nobles and the peasants.
Tsars were the absolute rulers of Russia before the creation of the Soviet Union; peasants
were very poor and had no rights
Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the Communist Party—what was their goal?
The goal of the Communist Party was to create economic equality for all citizens
What was the workers’ revolt in Russia?
The Russian Revolution
What was the name of the country created after Russian Revolution?
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
After Lenin died, Joseph Stalin took power in the Soviet Union—what was his main goal?
His main goal was to build the strength of the army
In order to build industry, Stalin created a state-planned-economy—what sort of decisions did the
government make under this system?
How many goods would be produced, who would produce the goods, how much workers
would get paid
What is a 5 year plan? (use the word quota in your answer)
A quota of the number of goods an industry must make in 5 years
Define totalitarianism. How did Stalin exhibit totalitarianism in the Soviet Union?
System in which the government makes all the decisions for the industries
Stalin created collective farms. What are they and what effect did they have on Soviet citizens?
Collective farms are large-state owned blocks of land, the effect was that they weren’t
successful and many Soviets starved to death
Stalin wanted to purge Soviet society. What did this mean he did to people he felt opposed his
rule?
Purged means that he killed people that did not agree with him; many people that weren’t
members of the Communist Party
Section Five: European Union
page ______ of your notebook
What are some of the things that the EU has power over?
Issues a common currency, determines immigration policy, makes laws that are supreme
over the member nations’ laws
What are some things the EU does not have power over?
Controlling its own defense forces
What is the official currency of the EU?
Euro
What are the advantages of being an EU citizen?
Citizens are free to seek employment in other member nations; citizens are free to travel
around EU nations without restriction
How many countries are in the EU? 25
Does the EU have an official language? no
Does the EU have a constitution? no