Download CP BIOLOGY: Semester 2 Final REVIEW

Name ______________________________
Period ______
CP BIOLOGY: Semester 2 Final REVIEW
This final review is due the day of your final exam!
TOPICS COVERED THIS SEMESTER INCLUDE…
 Meiosis and Reproductive Strategies
 Genetics
 Evolution
 Human Body Systems & Pig Dissection
PRACTICE QUESTIONS FOR EACH CONCEPT…
** Using lecture notes, past assignments, labs, and projects answer the following**
 IMPORTANT REMINDER: This review guide is
designed to give you sample questions/problems
and remind you of all material covered from the
semester. The final is not limited to this review
guide. Review ALL notes, labs, activities, etc.
MEIOSIS
1.
How does meiosis differ from mitosis?
2.
What are the goals of each division of meiosis (meiosis I and meiosis II)?
3.
Where does crossing-over occur in meiosis?
4.
Two chromosomes that carry similar but different genes are called....
5.
Why is meiosis responsible for genetic diversity?
6.
What is the end product of meiosis?
7.
What are homologous chromosomes?
8.
Define haploid and diploid.
9.
What is a gamete? What is the name of a male gamete? Female gamete?
10.
What is fertilization? Use the word ZYGOTE in your explanation.
11.
If an organism’s diploid number is 18, its haploid number is.....
Genetics:
1. What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?
2. Give an example of a genotype for someone who is heterozygous tall for a trait.
3. What trait will always be passed down, the dominant or the recessive?
4. If your dad is heterozygous for a trait and so is your mom, what is the chance that you
will be recessive for that trait? SHOW AN EXAMPLE PUNNETT SQUARE (include
phenotypic and genotypic ratios)
5. What is the difference between co-dominance and incomplete dominance?
6. How many traits are used for a monohybrid cross? How many for a dihybrid cross?
Make sure you review how to fill out a dihybrid cross!
7. What chromosome do sex-linked traits sit on?
8. What are the 4 blood groups? Write all the possible alleles for each.
9. A female with type O blood marries a man with AB blood. What is the likelihood that
their children will have type A blood? DRAW PUNNETT SQUARE
10. What does the karyotype notation for a normal male look like?
11. How many pairs of chromosomes does a typical human have?
12. What is trisomy 21 otherwise known as?
13. What is a pedigree?
14. What does a colored-in circle represent in a pedigree?
15. What is the difference between autosomal chromosomes and sex chromosomes?
16. Who is considered to be the “father of genetics”?
17. What blood type is the universal donor? Universal receiver? Why?
18. List ALL specific genetic diseases that we covered and give a description of each.
19. What are the 3 components of DNA?
20. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.
21. What is the product of transcription? Where does that occur?
22. Describe the process of translation.
23. What are the 3 types of RNA?
Evolution:
1. What is the theory of plate tectonics?
2. Who was responsible for the theory of continental drift?
3. What are the 3 pieces of evidence that Wegener used to determine that the plates
have moved over time?
4. What are the layers of the Earth from most outer to inner?
5. What was the name of the super-continent that existed over 200 mya?
6. Describe the differences between Lamarck and Darwin’s theory.
7. Describe the term vestigial organ and name some structures found in animals that are
considered vestigial organs.
8. Compare and contrast homologous structures with analogous structures. Give
examples of each.
9. What is natural selection? What are the criteria for natural selection to occur?
10. What is meant by biological “fitness”?
11. What are the pieces of evidence that Darwin used to explain evolution?
12. What is the driving force of evolution (think genetics)?
13. What is the difference between a hominoid and a hominid?
14. Describe the big ideas from the Hominoid Skull lab
15. Who was Lucy and why is she so famous?
16. How many hominid species exist today?
17. Draw a flow chart that explains how natural selection drives evolutionary change.
Human Body Systems:
1. Draw and label a diagram of the heart: label the major arteries and veins that
enter/exit the heart and draw a path that the blood travels throughout the heart and
body.
2. What are the main components of blood?
3. What structures does air pass through when traveling down from the nose to the
alveoli?
4. How does gas exchange occur between the circulatory and respiratory systems?
5. What is the function of the epiglottis?
6. If you were to have your larynx removed, what wouldn’t you be able to do?
7. Name all the components of the digestive system and list them in their correct order
as food travels through the body.
8. Describe the main functions of the small intestine and the large intestine.
9. How do the liver and pancreas function in digestion?
10. What is homeostasis?
11. Describe the difference between the somatic and autonomic motor neurons.
12. Describe the difference between the CNS and the PNS.
13. What is the difference between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous
systems?
14. Describe the difference between the CNS and the PNS
15. What is the role of the thyroid?
16. Understand the function of the following: Epiglottis, Kidneys, Trachea, Larynx, Liver,
Stomach, Diaphragm, Lungs, Spleen, Pancreas, Gall bladder, Salivary glands.
17. Be able to label a nephron and describe all the processes that occur here.
18. What are the locations and the functions of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor
neurons.
19. How does a feedback system work within the endocrine system?
20. What are the main functions of the lymphatic system?
Take a break, relax, and breathe… Semester 2 is almost over!