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Name ___________________________________ Period __ Life Science: Chapter 7 Study Guide Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. ____ 1. Malaria infects red blood cells. _________________________ ____ 2. Some scientists group bacteria into the Kingdom Protista. _________________________ ____ 3. Micrometers are the best unit of length to use when measuring bacteria. _________________________ ____ 4. Bacteria in soil turn oxygen into a nutrient form a plant can use. _________________________ ____ 5. A eukaryote is an organism that has a nucleus. _________________________ ____ 6. A nucleus helps the euglena swim towards light so it can make its own food. ________________________________________ Completion Complete each statement. Select the correct term to complete each sentence. There are extra terms in the list. Eubacteria nucleus organelles photosynthetic malaria food vacuole living sporozoans oxygen vaccine host cilia bacilli protozoa nonliving ciliate nitrogen antibodies chemosynthesis contractile vacuole virus pseudopod euglena 7. Protozoa have specialized ____________________ used for movement, feeding, and other functions. 8. ____________________ are groups of protozoa that are parasites. 9. Ciliates are a group of protozoan that move by waving tiny hair-like ____________________. 10. A(n) ___________________________________ is used to help control the amount of water inside an organism and pump out excess water. 11. A pseudopod can stretch out and surround a piece of food. The food is trapped into a(n) structure called a _________________________ so it can be taken into the cell. 12. A paramecium is an example of a(n) ____________________. 13. ____________________ is a flagellate that contains chloroplasts and is commonly found in pond water. 14. ____________________ is caused by a sporozoan transmitted by mosquitoes. 15. _________________________ bacteria produce their own food through photosynthesis. 16. A virus infects a type of cell called a ____________________. 17. ____________________ are proteins that bind to viruses and prevent them from infecting cells. 18. A ____________________ is a preparation of virus particles that, when injected into the body, causes the immune system to produce antibodies. 19. Scientist classify viruses as ____________________. Short Answer 20. Describe 2 ways that bacteria move. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 21. Describe the difference between anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 22. With a virus such as the flu, you often get a fever. Explain how a fever is a way for the immune system to fight off an illness. _____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 23. Protozoa are often classified by how they move. Use the diagram to above to complete the table. Diagram Type of protozoan Organelle used for How the organelle is movement used for movement A B C 24. Although some bacteria are harmful and cause illness, many are important to life on Earth. Give 3 examples of how bacteria are beneficial to living organisms. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 25. Know how a host cell can become a “factory” for a virus and how a virus gets in the cell membrane. 26. Label the parts of the organisms and describe the function of any two structures. A. ____________________ ____________________ B. ____________________ ____________________ C. ____________________ ____________________ D. ____________________ ____________________ E. ____________________ ____________________ Life Science: Chapter 7 Study Guide Answer Section MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. T F, Eubacteria T F, nitrogen T F, light-sensitive eyespot COMPLETION 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. organelles Sporozoans cilia contractile vacuole food vacuole ciliate Euglena Malaria Photosynthetic host Antibodies vaccine nonliving SHORT ANSWER 20. Correct answers will include two of the following: Bacteria move by using a whip-like flagella. Bacteria also move by using a slimy layer on the outside to slide over surfaces. Bacteria are also carried by the movement of air or liquid. 21. Anaerobic bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that do not require oxygen to survive. Aerobic bacteria use oxygen for cellular respiration. 22. The fever slows down the production of new viruses. Most of your body’s chemical functions work best at a temperature of 98.6ºF. If your temperature rises, the reactions of producing new viruses slows down. ESSAY 23. Protozoans move by using specialized organelles. Diagram A represents cilia, hair-like organelles that are waved back and forth for movement. Protozoa that use these organelles are called ciliates. Diagram B shows a flagella used by flagellates. The flagella is used as whip-like organelle. Diagram C represents a pseudopod or “false foot”. The pseudopod is used by amoebas. It stretches its cytoplasm in the direction it will move. 24. Answers may vary. Correct answers include: Bacteria are beneficial to humans because they are used to make products such as yogurt, cheese, and medicines. Bacteria are also helpful to humans because they live in the intestines and to help break down certain foods. Bacteria are also an important part of nutrients cycles. In soil, they turn nitrogen into a form a plant can use. When organisms die they break down the compounds and recycle nutrients back into the soil. OTHER 25. A virus fuses to a cell membrane and release its DNA into the cell. Once inside the cell, the virus DNA changes how the cell works. The cell is turned into a “factory” for the cell because it begins to produce new viruses that burst out of the cell and infect other host cells. 26. Correct answers include labels for A-E and two of the structural functions. A-contractile vacuole- helps control the amount of water in an organism B-gullet- captures food C-chloroplast - makes food from sunlight D-eyespot -helps locate light E-nucleus- controls the cell