Download AP CHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM THINGS TO KNOW AND REVIEW

AP CHEMISTRY
2011
FINAL EXAM THINGS TO KNOW AND REVIEW
1. Review titration reactions with an acid being used to determine the molarity of a basic
solution.
2. Know how to determine the oxidation numbers of atoms in compounds…review the rules
of determining oxidation numbers.
3. Know what OILRIG means and memorize it. Know how to determine if an element has
been oxidized or reduced in a reaction.
4. Review how to use Hess’s Law.
5. Know how temperature affects the density of a gas in both an open and closed
container.
6. Know the bond angles of molecular geometries and in hybridization orbitals.
7. Know how to draw a Lewis structure for a molecule or polyatomic ion and determine the
steric number (number of electron domains), the electron domain geometry and the
molecular geometry. Best to memorize the molecular geometry chart.
8. Review bond dissociation energies (bond enthalpies), bond strengths, and bond
lengths…review chapter 8, section 8.8.
9. Know the formulas of the strong acids and bases and review the neutralization reactions
involving them.
10. Review the solubility guidelines for ionic compounds…Table 4.1
11. Know how to write a correct formula for an ionic compound based on the charges of
each ion in the compound.
12. Review a hydrocarbon combustion reaction and investigate what happens if the reaction
proceeds when there is not enough oxygen present. This is what happens when a home
furnace or heater is not functioning properly and can lead to accidental death.
13. Look up the definition of “stoichiometric”.
14. Review the exothermic reactions of the alkali metals with water.
15. Review chapter 7, sect. 7.2 about effective nuclear charge (Zeff).
16. Review the rules for determining the quantum numbers of an element and memorize
them.
17. Look up the definition of “equilibrium vapor pressure”.
18. Develop a strong understanding of London dispersion forces.
19. Know what is necessary for molecules to form hydrogen bonds with each other in a pure
substance.
20. Know the relationship between the different boiling points of compounds based on
molecular mass, dipole moments, hydrogen bonding, and dispersion forces.
21. Know the relative strength of the IMF’s and chemical bonds.
22. Know how to write a balanced chemical reaction from a written description of the
reaction.
23. Know how to work through a mass-to-mass problem and a limiting reactant problem.
24. Know how to create a volume of solution with a given molarity (M) or moles/Liter starting
with grams of a substance.
25. Know your molecular formulas for the common hydrocarbons and the alcohols… (OH) is
the subunit for an alcohol and replaces an H in a hydrocarbon…ex.: methane is CH4 and
methanol is CH3OH.
26. Know how to write and balance a combustion reaction correctly.
27. Have a clear understanding of mole to mass relationships and how the number of moles
of an element in a compound relates to the subscripts in a compound and the
coefficients in a balanced reaction.
28. Know the trends in first ionization energies for different elements across a period or
down a group on the periodic table.
29. Know the exceptions for electron configurations involving a half-filled or fully-filled d
orbital sublevel and the transition metals that exhibit this anomaly.
30. Know the periodic table trend involving electronegativity (EN) or electron affinity.
31. Know the elements that can have more than one oxidation state.
32. Know the trends in first and second ionization energies in relation to valence electrons
and core electrons.
33. Have a good understanding of Avogadro’s Principle involving mole relationships between
gases at constant pressure and temperature.
34. Understand the meaning of “mole fraction” and how it relates to percent (%).
35. Know the relationship between kinetic energy (KE), temperature, mass and velocity or
speed of gas particles.
36. Develop a clear understanding of density of materials…especially gases and remember
that d = mass/volume!
37. Be able to calculate an empirical formula for a compound based on the mole fractions for
each element.
38. Know the relationship between the vapor pressure of a liquid and changes in atmospheric
pressure and temperature.
39. Know the trends in atomic radius and ionic radius on the periodic table.
40. Definitely review your ion charges and polyatomic ion formulas and charges.
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