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Module 1. General pharmacology. Drugs affecting peripheral and central nervous system and neurotransmitter processes Control of theoretical knowledge Topics 1, 2 Rules of prescribing non-liquid, soft and liquid medicinal forms of the drugs. Appointment of various forms of prescriptions. Topic 3 The terms used to identify drugs. Types of drug classifications and principles of classification of drugs. Give an explanation pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and types of drug action, and factors that affect the action of drugs. Participation receptors and potentially dependent channels in the mechanism of action of drugs. Stages of development and introduction of drugs. Topic 4 Classification of the negative effects of drugs. Define: Teratogenicity, mutagenicity, embryotoxicity, carcinogenesis, ulcerogenesis, cumulation, dyzbioz, etc. Control of practical skills Провести аналіз та корекцію рецептів, де виписані тверді, м’які та рідкі лікарські форми To conduct the analysis and correction of prescriptions where drawn soft, non-liquid and liquid medicinal forms of the drugs. Connect the text with the words: drugs, drug substance, INN, trade mark, brand name, blockbuster, etc. In the example of some pharmacological groups of drugs call their chemical, pharmacotherapeutic, pharmacodynamic affiliation. Analyze annotations of drugs: indicate their pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and types of the drug action, and factors that influence their effectiveness. In summary of medicines analyze their mechanism of action. Participation of pharmacists in the stages of pre-clinical study of drugs. In the example of abstract of the drug (article in COMPENDIUM) find out its specific type of action (main, side). Find the mutual relationship between the its adverse effects and contraindications to the use Comparison of routes of administration of In the example of a particular drug analyze medicines the main risk factors, possible side effects, depending on the route of administration Classification medication doses. Indicators Types of professional pharmacist activity of drug safety related to their dose. (control of dosage in the recipe, rules of Principles of rational drug dosin. drug making, storage and dispensing of drugs) to ensure pharmacological drug safety (pharmacovigilance). Topic 5 The difference between the afferent and efferent innervation. General classification of drugs that affect the afferent and efferent division of the nervous system Drugs that inhibit and stimulate afferent nerves (classification, pharmacological characteristics). Local anesthetic agents: the general definition of this group, classification, nomenclature. The logical relationship between the mechanism of action and pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and indications for use Topic 6 Participation synapses, receptors and ganglia in the mechanism of action of drugs that affect the efferent nervous system. Effects on the internal organs in the stimulation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. Classification, comparative characteristics of mechanism of action and pharmacodynamics of cholinomimetics of direct and indirect action. Logical relationship of mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics and indications for use, side effects and contraindications for cholinomimetics. Comparative pharmacological characteristics of M-cholinomimetics. The logical link between the mechanism of action and pharmacodynamics of anticholinesterase drugs. Acute poisoning by alkoloids of cholinotropnic action and phosphor-organic substances (PhOS) and an algorithm of pharmacotherapeutic care. Communication of the mechanism of drug actions that affect the afferent and efferent branches of the nervous system with the features of these branches. Correction of medicinal prescription, dosage characteristics, interchangeability (information for the doctor) and rules of rational application (information for patients) of drugs that affect the afferent innervation Correction of medical prescriptions for local anesthetics. Recommendations for the interchangeability of local anesthetics with their pharmacokinetics, dosage form, types of local anesthesia, side effects. Doctor's recommendation for the rational combination of local anesthetics with agonists. Correction of medical prescriptions for cholinomimetics. Meaning doses, medicinal forms and route of administration in the prevention of adverse effects cholinomimetics. Consultation of the doctor on interchangeability and the patient - about the conditions of rational use of cholinomimetics. Correction of medical prescriptions for anticholinergic drugs and features of dosage, as one of the stages of prevention of side effects of anticholinesterase drugs. Consultation of the doctor on interchangeability and the patient - about the conditions of rational use of anticholinesterase drugs. Anticholinergic drugs (classification, logical relationship between the mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics and indications for use, side effects and contraindications for M- cholinoblockers, ganglioblockers and muscle relaxants). Comparison of drugs in each group. Topic 7 Classification, mechanism of action and pharmacodynamics of adrenergic agonists depending on the type and location of adrenergic receptors. Comparison of adrenergic agonists and sympathomimetics. Classification of adrenergic blockers depending on their effects on different types of adrenergic receptors. The concept of cardioselective and intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Pharmacological logic in the mechanism of action and pharmacodynamic characteristics of adrenergic blockers and sympatholytics. Relationship between pharmacodynamics and their indications, between side effects and contraindications to the use. Comparison of adrenergic blockers and sympatholytics. Topic 8 The general definition of "Intermedianty." Classification and nomenclature of modern dopamine-, serotonin-, histaminotropic drugs depending on the impact on the exchange of relevant mediator (mimetics, antagonists). Nomenclature of modern drugs based on prostaglandins. The concept of inhibitors of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Mechanism of action and pharmacodynamics of intermediants from the position of pharmacological role of dopamine, histamine, serotonin, Notification of side effects of anticholinergic drugs on the stage of correction of prescription (control dose, medicinal form) Features of dosage of atropine sulfate in various mtdicinal forms. Doctor's recommendation regarding interchangeability of M-cholinoblockers, ganglioblockers and muscle relaxants based on their pharmacodynamics, indications for use and side effects. Correction of prescription and interchangeability of adrenergic agonists based on their pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, indications, side effects. Choice of routes of administration of adrenergic agonists depending on the type, purpose and pharmacotherapy medicinal form. Correction of prescription and dosage control adrenoblockers. Interchangeability depending on cardioselectivity and availability of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Correction of prescriptions for drugs containing prostaglandin analogues and dopamine-, serotonin-, histaminotropic drugs. Consultation of doctors on the interchangeability of dopamine-, serotonin- and histaminotropic drugs that are prostaglandin analogues on their pharmacodynamics, indications for use. Informing physicians and patients about the assortment of the pharmaceutical market of traditional and new drugs intermediants and their analogues in each prostaglandins in the human body. The logical relationship between pharmacodynamics and indications, side effects and contraindications to the use of intermediants. "Pharmacological face" of drugs intermediants and drugs for treatment of migrane. Topic 9 General definition of NSAIDs. Classification and nomenclature of modern NSAIDs depending on the chemical structure, the characteristics of the mechanism of action (selectivity for COX), the composition. The mechanisms of action of NSAIDs from the position of cyclooxygenase concept. Place of NSAIDs in the arachidonic acid cascade. The logical relationship between pharmacodynamics and indications for use of NSAIDs. The logical link between adverse effects and contraindications for NSAIDs given antiprostahlandyn mechanism of action. Prospects for the creation of non-traditional NSAIDs mechanism of action. Features of range of pharmacodynamics of separate groups of NSAIDs (for example, salicylates, coxybes, derivatives of carboxylic acids, etc.). Topic 10 Classification and pharmacological characteristics of respiratory stimulants. Comparative analysis of pharmacodynamics of antitussives of central and peripheral actions. The logical relationship between side effects and contraindications to the use of antitussives. Classification according mechanism of action and origin, pharmacological characteristics of expectorants (expectorant). The logical relationship between pharmacological effects and indications, side effects and group, about contraindications to the use of drugs in this group. Consultation of patients about the rules of rational use of medicines - intermediants and prevent complications of their pharmacotherapy. Correction of prescriptions for NSAIDs. Advising doctors on assortment (INN, trade names) of market of modern NSAIDs on interchangeability of drugs based on their "pharmacological face". Informing patients and physicians about assortment of medical forms of local and systemic of NSAIDs. Consultation of patients on the rational use of NSAIDs, to prevent the occurrence of of side effects (ulcergenic, blood-, nephrotoxicity, teratogenicity, etc.). Patient information on contraindications to the use of NSAIDs. Choice of from a collection of medicines of new generation drugs NSAIDs. Correction of of medical prescriptions for breathing stimulants, antitussives and expectorants, bronchodilators, pulmonary surfactants. Consultations of patients on the rational use of antitussives and expectorants. Choosing from a collection of expectorant drugs of plant and synthetic origin. Consultations a doctor about interchangeability of bronchodilators based on the availability of brand and generic drugs in the pharmaceutical market. Choosing from a collection of contraindication to the use of expectorants. Classification and pharmacological characteristics of bronchodilators according the mechanism of action. The logical link between the mechanism of action and pharmacodynamics of bronchodilators of different groups (-agonists, Mcholinoblockers, myotropic spasmolitics). Modern inhaled medical forms of bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Classification and pharmacological characteristics of stimulants of surfactant synthesis and pulmonary surfactants. Topic 11 General definition of groups of antiallergic agents. Classification and nomenclature of traditional and new antiallergic drugs depending on the chemical structure, mechanism of action, the timing on the pharmaceutical market (generation). The mechanisms of action of modern antiallergic drugs because of their influence on allergies, including places of action of mast cell stabilizers, corticosteroids, H1histamine blockers, serotonin, leucotriene receptors, inhibitors of leukotriene synthesis. The logical relationship between pharmacodynamics and indications, side effects and contraindications to the use antiallergic drugs. Features of use of the combined OTC drugs containing H1-histamin blockers, local corticosteroids. Comparison of H1-histamin blockers of different generations. Topic 12 General characteristics of drugs that suppress the central nervous system. Classification and pharmacological characteristic of general anesthetics. Features of routes of administration, dosage and safety profile of an general anesthetics. Classification and pharmacological bronchodilators drugs in various medicinal forms, as turbuhaler, spinhaler, cyclohaler, others. Features of inhalation drugs by using different types of inhalers. Consultations of patients on the rational use of stimulants of surfactant synthesis and lung surfactants. Correction of prescriptions for allergy drugs. Consultation of physicians regarding assortment (INN, trade names) on the market of modern antiallergic drugs of interchangeability of drugs based on their "pharmacological face." Informing of patients about assortment of modern medical forms of antiallergic drugs (topical, inhaled corticosteroids forms, antiallergic drugs of other groups). Informing patients about the particular dosage of allergy drugs, including corticosteroids. Consultation of doctors about interchangeability of antiallergic drugs in the treatment of various types of allergic reactions, features of their pharmacological properties. Consultation of patients about the conditions of the rational use of antiallergic drugs to prevent their of side effects. Features of rational use of alcohol at a local appointment. Choosing from a collection of drugs for general intravenous anesthesia. Information for patients about alcohol harm to the body. characteristic of of alcohols. Features of resorptive and local action of camphor, ethyl alcohol and boric. Topic 13 Pharmacological correctors pain. Participation of opioid receptors (OR) and endogenous ligands in the mechanism of action of opioid (narcotic) analgesics (OA). Opioid analgesics (characteristics of groups, classification of drugs, INN, trade name, dosage). Pharmacological communication between OP agents, endogenous ligands and the mechanism of action and pharmacodynamics of OA, as well as their side effects and contraindication to their use. Topic 14 Neurotropic drugs of inhibitory action. Pharmacological correlation between receptor function, synaptic structure and mechanism of action of drugs that depress the central nervous system (hypnotics, anticonvulsants, antiparkinsonian drugs). Hypnotics (sleeping drugs) - grouping, classification (INN, trade names), the principles of dosage. The logical link between the mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics and indications, side effects and contraindications to the use hypnotics. Comparison of hypnotics. Classification and pharmacological characterization of antiepileptic and antiparkinsonian drugs. The logical relationship between pharmacodynamics and indications, side effects and contraindications to the use of antiepileptic and antiparkinsonian drugs. Topic 15 Classification of psychotropic drugs of inhibitory action: neuroleptics (chemical structure), tranquilizers (chemical structure), sedatives (origin); typical and atypical antipsychotics, "daily" and "night" tranquilizers. The concept of neuroleptic, antipsychotic, anxiolitic and sedative Correction of of medical prescriptions for opioid analgesics. Control of a single dose and of course, prevent of side effects of OA. Application of OA antagonists in the manifestation of their side effects. Consultation of the doctors on the interchangeability of OA including strength of action and peculiarities of pharmacodynamics of OA. Recommendation on patient to rational use of OA. Correction of medical prescriptions for hypnotics, antiparkinsonian drugs and anticonvulsants. Consultation on interchangeability of hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and antiparkinsonian drugs based on new original and generic drugs in the pharmaceutical market. Recommendations patient for effective and safe use hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and antiparkinsonian drugs. Correction of medical prescriptions as one of the measures to prevent side effects of psychotropic drugs of inhibitory action. Consultation on interchangeability, and patients with conditions of rational use of neuroleptics, tranquilizers, sedatives. Choose from a collection of modern action. Relationship between pharmacological effects and indications, side effects and contraindications to the use of neuroleptics, tranquilizers and sedative drugs. Comparison of pharmacodynamics and indications for the use of neuroleptics, tranquilizers and sedatives. Topic 16 Classification of psychotropic and neurotropic drugs excitatory action. The concept of psychoactive, analeptic, antidepressant effects. Classification of psychostimulants in chemical structure, analeptics and mechanism of action of antidepressants. The logical relationship between pharmacological effects and indications for use, side effects and contraindications to the use of psychostimulants, analeptics, antidepressants. The concept of normotimsc drugs and actoprotectors. Features pharmacodynamics and indications for use of these drugs. The definition of "nootropic", "adaptogenic" action. Classification of nootropic drugs on the mechanism of action, of adaptogens on origin and their pharmacological characteristics. Characterization of antihypoxic, cerebroprotective action of nootropic drugs. medicines neuroleptics, tranquilizers, sedatives. Implementation of measures to prevent drug dependence on tranquilizers, chronic poisoning bromides. Correction of medical prescriptions for psychotropic and neurotropic drugs of excitatory action. Consultation on the interchangeability of psychotropic and neurotropic drugs of excitatory action based on their knowledge of the international nomenclature and trade names. Recommendations to the patient regarding conditions of rational use of psychostimulants, analeptics, antidepressants, normotimscs, actoprotecktors, nootropic drugs and adaptogens to prevent their side effects. Selecting from a collection of modern medicines antidepressants normotimics, actoprotectors and nootropic drugs.