Download Module 1. General pharmacology. Drugs affecting peripheral and

Module 1. General pharmacology. Drugs affecting peripheral and central
nervous system and neurotransmitter processes
Control of theoretical knowledge
Topics 1, 2
Rules of prescribing non-liquid, soft and
liquid medicinal forms of the drugs.
Appointment of various forms of
prescriptions.
Topic 3
The terms used to identify drugs.
Types of drug classifications and principles
of classification of drugs.
Give an explanation pharmacodynamics,
pharmacokinetics, and types of drug action,
and factors that affect the action of drugs.
Participation receptors and potentially
dependent channels in the mechanism of
action of drugs. Stages of development and
introduction of drugs.
Topic 4
Classification of the negative effects of
drugs.
Define:
Teratogenicity,
mutagenicity,
embryotoxicity,
carcinogenesis, ulcerogenesis, cumulation,
dyzbioz, etc.
Control of practical skills
Провести аналіз та корекцію рецептів,
де виписані тверді, м’які та рідкі
лікарські форми To conduct the analysis
and correction of prescriptions where
drawn soft, non-liquid and liquid
medicinal forms of the drugs.
Connect the text with the words: drugs,
drug substance, INN, trade mark, brand
name, blockbuster, etc.
In the example of some pharmacological
groups of drugs call their chemical,
pharmacotherapeutic, pharmacodynamic
affiliation.
Analyze annotations of drugs: indicate
their
pharmacodynamics,
pharmacokinetics, and types of the drug
action, and factors that influence their
effectiveness.
In summary of medicines analyze their
mechanism of action.
Participation of pharmacists in the stages
of pre-clinical study of drugs.
In the example of abstract of the drug
(article in COMPENDIUM) find out its
specific type of action (main, side). Find
the mutual relationship between the its
adverse effects and contraindications to
the use
Comparison of routes of administration of In the example of a particular drug analyze
medicines
the main risk factors, possible side effects,
depending on the route of administration
Classification medication doses. Indicators Types of professional pharmacist activity
of drug safety related to their dose. (control of dosage in the recipe, rules of
Principles of rational drug dosin.
drug making, storage and dispensing of
drugs) to ensure pharmacological drug
safety (pharmacovigilance).
Topic 5
The difference between the afferent and
efferent innervation. General classification
of drugs that affect the afferent and efferent
division of the nervous system
Drugs that inhibit and stimulate afferent
nerves (classification, pharmacological
characteristics).
Local anesthetic agents: the general
definition of this group, classification,
nomenclature. The logical relationship
between the mechanism of action and
pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and
indications for use
Topic 6
Participation synapses, receptors and
ganglia in the mechanism of action of drugs
that affect the efferent nervous system.
Effects on the internal organs in the
stimulation of the parasympathetic and
sympathetic nerves.
Classification, comparative characteristics
of
mechanism of action
and
pharmacodynamics of cholinomimetics of
direct and indirect action.
Logical relationship of mechanism of
action, pharmacodynamics and indications
for use, side effects and contraindications
for cholinomimetics.
Comparative
pharmacological
characteristics of M-cholinomimetics.
The logical link between the mechanism of
action
and
pharmacodynamics
of
anticholinesterase drugs. Acute poisoning
by alkoloids of cholinotropnic action and
phosphor-organic substances (PhOS) and
an algorithm of pharmacotherapeutic care.
Communication of the mechanism of drug
actions that affect the afferent and efferent
branches of the nervous system with the
features of these branches.
Correction of medicinal prescription,
dosage characteristics, interchangeability
(information for the doctor) and rules of
rational application (information for
patients) of drugs that affect the afferent
innervation
Correction of medical prescriptions for
local anesthetics. Recommendations for
the interchangeability of local anesthetics
with their pharmacokinetics, dosage form,
types of local anesthesia, side effects.
Doctor's recommendation for the rational
combination of local anesthetics with
agonists.
Correction of medical prescriptions for
cholinomimetics.
Meaning
doses,
medicinal
forms
and
route
of
administration in the prevention of adverse
effects cholinomimetics.
Consultation
of
the
doctor
on
interchangeability and the patient - about
the conditions of rational use of
cholinomimetics.
Correction of medical prescriptions for
anticholinergic drugs and features of
dosage, as one of the stages of prevention
of side effects of anticholinesterase drugs.
Consultation
of
the
doctor
on
interchangeability and the patient - about
the conditions of rational use of
anticholinesterase drugs.
Anticholinergic
drugs
(classification,
logical relationship between the mechanism
of
action,
pharmacodynamics
and
indications for use, side effects and
contraindications for M- cholinoblockers,
ganglioblockers and muscle relaxants).
Comparison of drugs in each group.
Topic 7
Classification, mechanism of action and
pharmacodynamics of adrenergic agonists
depending on the type and location of
adrenergic receptors. Comparison of
adrenergic agonists and sympathomimetics.
Classification of adrenergic blockers
depending on their effects on different
types of adrenergic receptors. The concept
of
cardioselective
and
intrinsic
sympathomimetic activity.
Pharmacological logic in the mechanism of
action
and
pharmacodynamic
characteristics of adrenergic blockers and
sympatholytics. Relationship between
pharmacodynamics and their indications,
between side effects and contraindications
to the use. Comparison of adrenergic
blockers and sympatholytics.
Topic 8
The general definition of "Intermedianty."
Classification and nomenclature of modern
dopamine-, serotonin-, histaminotropic
drugs depending on the impact on the
exchange of relevant mediator (mimetics,
antagonists). Nomenclature of modern
drugs based on prostaglandins. The concept
of inhibitors of the biosynthesis of
prostaglandins.
Mechanism
of
action
and
pharmacodynamics of intermediants from
the position of pharmacological role of
dopamine,
histamine,
serotonin,
Notification
of
side
effects
of
anticholinergic drugs on the stage of
correction of prescription (control dose,
medicinal form) Features of dosage of
atropine sulfate in various mtdicinal
forms.
Doctor's
recommendation
regarding
interchangeability of M-cholinoblockers,
ganglioblockers and muscle relaxants
based on their pharmacodynamics,
indications for use and side effects.
Correction
of
prescription
and
interchangeability of adrenergic agonists
based on their pharmacodynamics,
pharmacokinetics,
indications,
side
effects.
Choice of routes of administration of
adrenergic agonists depending on the type,
purpose and pharmacotherapy medicinal
form.
Correction of prescription and dosage
control adrenoblockers.
Interchangeability
depending
on
cardioselectivity and availability of
intrinsic sympathomimetic activity.
Correction of prescriptions for drugs
containing prostaglandin analogues and
dopamine-, serotonin-, histaminotropic
drugs.
Consultation
of
doctors
on
the
interchangeability
of
dopamine-,
serotonin- and histaminotropic drugs that
are prostaglandin analogues on their
pharmacodynamics, indications for use.
Informing physicians and patients about
the assortment of the pharmaceutical
market of traditional and new drugs
intermediants and their analogues in each
prostaglandins in the human body.
The
logical
relationship
between
pharmacodynamics and indications, side
effects and contraindications to the use of
intermediants.
"Pharmacological
face"
of
drugs
intermediants and drugs for treatment of
migrane.
Topic 9
General
definition
of
NSAIDs.
Classification and nomenclature of modern
NSAIDs depending on the chemical
structure, the characteristics of the
mechanism of action (selectivity for COX),
the composition.
The mechanisms of action of NSAIDs from
the position of cyclooxygenase concept.
Place of NSAIDs in the arachidonic acid
cascade. The logical relationship between
pharmacodynamics and indications for use
of NSAIDs.
The logical link between adverse effects
and contraindications for NSAIDs given
antiprostahlandyn mechanism of action.
Prospects for the creation of non-traditional
NSAIDs mechanism of action.
Features of range of pharmacodynamics of
separate groups of NSAIDs (for example,
salicylates, coxybes, derivatives of
carboxylic acids, etc.).
Topic 10
Classification
and
pharmacological
characteristics of respiratory stimulants.
Comparative
analysis
of
pharmacodynamics of antitussives of
central and peripheral actions.
The logical relationship between side
effects and contraindications to the use of
antitussives.
Classification according mechanism of
action and origin, pharmacological
characteristics
of
expectorants
(expectorant). The logical relationship
between pharmacological effects and
indications,
side
effects
and
group, about contraindications to the use
of drugs in this group.
Consultation of patients about the rules of
rational use of medicines - intermediants
and prevent complications of their
pharmacotherapy.
Correction of prescriptions for NSAIDs.
Advising doctors on assortment (INN,
trade names) of market of modern
NSAIDs on interchangeability of drugs
based on their "pharmacological face".
Informing patients and physicians about
assortment of medical forms of local and
systemic of NSAIDs.
Consultation of patients on the rational use
of NSAIDs, to prevent the occurrence of
of side effects (ulcergenic, blood-,
nephrotoxicity, teratogenicity, etc.).
Patient information on contraindications to
the use of NSAIDs. Choice of from a
collection of medicines of new generation
drugs NSAIDs.
Correction of of medical prescriptions for
breathing stimulants, antitussives and
expectorants, bronchodilators, pulmonary
surfactants.
Consultations of patients on the rational
use of antitussives and expectorants.
Choosing from a collection of expectorant
drugs of plant and synthetic origin.
Consultations
a
doctor
about
interchangeability of bronchodilators
based on the availability of brand and
generic drugs in the pharmaceutical
market.
Choosing
from
a
collection
of
contraindication to the use of expectorants.
Classification
and
pharmacological
characteristics of bronchodilators according
the mechanism of action. The logical link
between the mechanism of action and
pharmacodynamics of bronchodilators of
different
groups
(-agonists,
Mcholinoblockers, myotropic spasmolitics).
Modern inhaled medical forms of
bronchodilators and corticosteroids.
Classification
and
pharmacological
characteristics of stimulants of surfactant
synthesis and pulmonary surfactants.
Topic 11
General definition of groups of antiallergic
agents. Classification and nomenclature of
traditional and new antiallergic drugs
depending on the chemical structure,
mechanism of action, the timing on the
pharmaceutical market (generation).
The mechanisms of action of modern
antiallergic drugs because of their influence
on allergies, including places of action of
mast cell stabilizers, corticosteroids, H1histamine blockers, serotonin, leucotriene
receptors,
inhibitors
of
leukotriene
synthesis.
The
logical
relationship
between
pharmacodynamics and indications, side
effects and contraindications to the use
antiallergic drugs.
Features of use of the combined OTC drugs
containing H1-histamin blockers, local
corticosteroids.
Comparison of H1-histamin blockers of
different generations.
Topic 12
General characteristics of drugs that
suppress the central nervous system.
Classification
and
pharmacological
characteristic of general anesthetics.
Features of routes of administration, dosage
and safety profile of an general anesthetics.
Classification
and
pharmacological
bronchodilators drugs in various medicinal
forms, as turbuhaler, spinhaler, cyclohaler,
others. Features of inhalation drugs by
using different types of inhalers.
Consultations of patients on the rational
use of stimulants of surfactant synthesis
and lung surfactants.
Correction of prescriptions for allergy
drugs.
Consultation of physicians regarding
assortment (INN, trade names) on the
market of modern antiallergic drugs of
interchangeability of drugs based on their
"pharmacological face."
Informing of patients about assortment of
modern medical forms of antiallergic
drugs (topical, inhaled corticosteroids
forms, antiallergic drugs of other groups).
Informing patients about the particular
dosage of allergy drugs, including
corticosteroids.
Consultation
of
doctors
about
interchangeability of antiallergic drugs in
the treatment of various types of allergic
reactions,
features
of
their
pharmacological properties.
Consultation of patients about the
conditions of the rational use of
antiallergic drugs to prevent their of side
effects.
Features of rational use of alcohol at a
local appointment.
Choosing from a collection of drugs for
general intravenous anesthesia.
Information for patients about alcohol
harm to the body.
characteristic of of alcohols. Features of
resorptive and local action of camphor,
ethyl alcohol and boric.
Topic 13
Pharmacological
correctors
pain.
Participation of opioid receptors (OR) and
endogenous ligands in the mechanism of
action of opioid (narcotic) analgesics (OA).
Opioid analgesics (characteristics of groups,
classification of drugs, INN, trade name,
dosage). Pharmacological communication
between OP agents, endogenous ligands
and the mechanism of action and
pharmacodynamics of OA, as well as their
side effects and contraindication to their
use.
Topic 14
Neurotropic drugs of inhibitory action.
Pharmacological
correlation
between
receptor function, synaptic structure and
mechanism of action of drugs that depress
the central nervous system (hypnotics,
anticonvulsants, antiparkinsonian drugs).
Hypnotics (sleeping drugs) - grouping,
classification (INN, trade names), the
principles of dosage. The logical link
between the mechanism of action,
pharmacodynamics and indications, side
effects and contraindications to the use
hypnotics.
Comparison of hypnotics. Classification
and pharmacological characterization of
antiepileptic and antiparkinsonian drugs.
The
logical
relationship
between
pharmacodynamics and indications, side
effects and contraindications to the use of
antiepileptic and antiparkinsonian drugs.
Topic 15
Classification of psychotropic drugs of
inhibitory action: neuroleptics (chemical
structure),
tranquilizers
(chemical
structure), sedatives (origin); typical and
atypical antipsychotics, "daily" and "night"
tranquilizers. The concept of neuroleptic,
antipsychotic, anxiolitic and sedative
Correction of of medical prescriptions for
opioid analgesics. Control of a single dose
and of course, prevent of side effects of
OA. Application of OA antagonists in the
manifestation of their side effects.
Consultation of the doctors on the
interchangeability of OA including
strength of action and peculiarities of
pharmacodynamics
of
OA.
Recommendation on patient to rational use
of OA.
Correction of medical prescriptions for
hypnotics, antiparkinsonian drugs and
anticonvulsants.
Consultation on interchangeability of
hypnotics,
anticonvulsants,
and
antiparkinsonian drugs based on new
original and generic drugs in the
pharmaceutical market.
Recommendations patient for effective
and safe use hypnotics, anticonvulsants,
and antiparkinsonian drugs.
Correction of medical prescriptions as one
of the measures to prevent side effects of
psychotropic drugs of inhibitory action.
Consultation on interchangeability, and
patients with conditions of rational use of
neuroleptics, tranquilizers, sedatives.
Choose from a collection of modern
action.
Relationship between pharmacological
effects and indications, side effects and
contraindications to the use of neuroleptics,
tranquilizers and sedative drugs.
Comparison of pharmacodynamics and
indications for the use of neuroleptics,
tranquilizers and sedatives.
Topic 16
Classification
of
psychotropic
and
neurotropic drugs excitatory action.
The concept of psychoactive, analeptic,
antidepressant effects. Classification of
psychostimulants in chemical structure,
analeptics and mechanism of action of
antidepressants.
The
logical
relationship
between
pharmacological effects and indications for
use, side effects and contraindications to
the use of psychostimulants, analeptics,
antidepressants.
The concept of normotimsc drugs and
actoprotectors. Features pharmacodynamics
and indications for use of these drugs. The
definition of "nootropic", "adaptogenic"
action. Classification of nootropic drugs on
the mechanism of action, of adaptogens on
origin
and
their
pharmacological
characteristics.
Characterization
of
antihypoxic,
cerebroprotective action of nootropic drugs.
medicines neuroleptics, tranquilizers,
sedatives.
Implementation of measures to prevent
drug dependence on tranquilizers, chronic
poisoning bromides.
Correction of medical prescriptions for
psychotropic and neurotropic drugs of
excitatory action.
Consultation on the interchangeability of
psychotropic and neurotropic drugs of
excitatory action based on their knowledge
of the international nomenclature and
trade names.
Recommendations to the patient regarding
conditions
of
rational
use
of
psychostimulants,
analeptics,
antidepressants,
normotimscs,
actoprotecktors, nootropic drugs and
adaptogens to prevent their side effects.
Selecting from a collection of modern
medicines antidepressants normotimics,
actoprotectors and nootropic drugs.