Download Unit 3: States of Matter Review

Unit 3: States of Matter Review
Vocabulary
Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Theory
Pressure
Temperature
Newton
Vacuum
Atmospheric Pressure
Celsius
Fahrenheit
Kelvin
Name: ___________________Date: _____
Absolute Zero
Collision Theory
Pascal
mmHg
kPa
Torr
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Evaporation
Vaporization
Vapor Pressure
Condensation
Dynamic Equilibrium
Boiling Point
Crystals
Amorphous Solid
Allotropes
Enthalpy
1. What simple evidence demonstrates that gas particles are in motion?
2. Why are there no minus numbers on the Kelvin scale?
3. The boiling point of water in city A is 94°C; in city B it is 97°C. Which city is at the higher
elevation?
4. Explain why it would be difficult to cook an egg to a hard-boiled stage at the top of a mountain.
5. Two beakers on a laboratory bench each contain a mixture of ice and water. Three ice cubes are
added to one beaker and 10 mL of hot water are added to the other beaker. The contents of each
beaker remain at their original temperature. Explain.
6. Peanut brittle is a candy that is poured out while hot onto a surface. It is allowed to cool and harden
into a sheet, which easily breaks into irregularly shaped pieces. The sugar in peanut brittle solidifies
without reforming its crystal lattice. What type of solid is peanut brittle?
7. Which type of solid is likely to have the lowest melting point—an ionic solid or a molecular solid?
Explain.
8. The normal boiling point of ethanol is 78.5°C. The normal boiling point of water is 100°C. At 75°C,
which liquid, ethanol or water, has the greater vapor pressure? Explain.
9. The height of a column of mercury in a barometer is 754.3 mm. What is the atmospheric pressure in
atm? in kPa?
10. Explain why evaporation leads to cooling of the liquid.
11. State whether the following physical and chemical changes are endothermic or exothermic.
melting
condensation
freezing
vaporization
fusion
combustion
12. How much heat is absorbed when 28.3 g of H2O(s) at 0°C is converted to liquid at 0°C?
13. Calculate the amount of heat needed to convert 190.0 g of liquid water at 18°C to steam at 100.0°C.
14. Calculate the heat absorbed when 20g of ice is heated from -25°C to water at 50°C.
15. How many joules of heat must be removed to change 520 g of water from liquid to solid?
16. What is the total heat removed when 520 g water cools from 20°C to 0°C and then freezes at 0°C?
17. It takes 4920 J to boil 63.2 g of mercury at 445°C. What is its heat of vaporization?
18. Ice cubes are made by taking heat away from water. Suppose you put 520 g of 20°C water in an ice
tray and put it into the freezer.
a. How many joules of heat must be removed to cool the water to 0°C?
b. How many joules of heat must be removed to change the water from liquid to solid?
c. What is the total heat removed when the water cools from 20°C to 0°C and then freezes at 0°C?
19. Label the following diagram with solid, liquid, gas, normal boiling point, triple point, and critical
point.
Pressure
1 atm
Temperature
20. Label the following heating curve of water with solid, liquid, gas, specific heat values, molar heat of
vaporization, and molar heat of fusion.
5
Temp
4
o
C
3
2
1
Time (min)