Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Problem solving Chapter 11.3 Gene mutations and proteins Gene mutations often have serious effects on proteins. In this activity, you will demonstrate how such mutations affect protein synthesis. PROCEDURE Use the following base sequence of one strand of imaginary DNA molecule: AAT GCC AGT GGT TCG CAC 1. Write the base sequence for an mRNA strand that would be transcribed From the given DNA sequence. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 2. Use the amino acid table to determine the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein fragment. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 3. If the 4th base in the original DNA strand were changed from G to C, how would this affect the resulting protein arrangement AAT GCC AGT GGT TCG CAC AAT CCC AGT GGT TCG CAC ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 1. If G were added to the original DAN strand after the third base, what would the resulting mRNA look like? How would this affect the protein? Analysis 2. Which change in the DNA was a point mutation? Which as a frame shift mutation? 3. In what way did the point mutation affect the protein? 4. How did the frame shift mutation affect the protein? Name __________________________________________________________ Problem solving Chapter 11.3 What types of mutation results in sickle Cell anemia A condition c called sickle cell anemia results from a genetic change in the base sequence of DNA. Red Blood Cells in patients with sickle cell anemia have molecules of hemoglobin that are misshaped. As a result of this change in protein shape, sickled blood cells clog capillaries and prevent normal flow of blood to body tissues, causing sever pain. DNA sequence Normal Hemoglobin Sickled Hemoglobin GGG CTT CTT TTT GGG CAT CTT TTT 1. Use the amino acid table to transcribe and translate the DNA base sequence for normal hemoglobin and for sickle hemoglobin into amino acids. Remember that the table lists mRNA codons, not DNA codons GGG ___ ___ GGG ___ ___ CTT ___ ___ CAT ___ ___ CTT ___ ___ TTT ___ ___ CTT TTT ___ ___ ___ ___ normal hemoglobin Sickle Cell hemoglobin 2. Does this genetic change illustrate a point mutation or a frame shift mutation? EXPLAIN your answer 4. Explain why the correct sequence of DNA bases is important to normal development of proteins. 5. Assume that the base sequence reads GGG CTT CTT AAA instead or themormal sequence for hemoglobin. Would this result in a sickled hemoglobin? Explain your answer.