Download Review for Earth Science Test

Review for Earth Science Test-Key
1. What are the layers of the Earth?
Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
2. What is the composition of each layer?
Inner core: solid nickel & iron; Outer core: molten nickel & iron; Mantle: hot, solid
material; Crust: layer of rock
3. What is a mineral?
A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and definite
chemical composition.
4. What are the characteristics of a mineral?
a. Inorganic
b. Solid
c. Crystal structure
d. Definite chemical composition
e. Found in nature
5. What is an Earthquake?
It is the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface.
6. What is streak?
It is the color of a mineral’s powder.
7. What is Mohs’ Hardness Scale?
It is the scale used by scientists to classify minerals according to their hardness.
8. What is the rock cycle?
It is a series of process that slowly changes rock from one form to another.
9. What are the 3 types of rock and how is each formed?
The 3 types of rocks are: metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary
10. What are the 3 types of stress and the effect each has on rock?
The 3 types of stress are: tension, compression and shearing.
11. What are the 3 types of plate boundaries?
The 3 types of plate boundaries are: convergent, divergent and transform.
12. What is the theory of continental drift?
The theory of continental drift is based on the idea that all continents once collided and
joined and then drifted apart.
13. What is the theory of plate tectonics?
The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth’s outer shell is divided into tectonic
plates that slowly move.
14. Who is Alfred Wegener and why is he important?
He is a German scientist that hypothesized that the continents were once joined into one
supercontinent and then it slowly broke apart.
15. What is the difference between intrusive igneous rock and extrusive igneous
rock?
Intrusive igneous rock is formed beneath the surface of the Earth and extrusive in formed
on the surface.
16. What is the difference between lava and magma?
Lava is magma that reaches the surface of the Earth.
17. What is a tectonic plate?
A tectonic plate is a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere
carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust.
18. How is a volcano formed?
Magma from the mantle rises into cracks in the Earth’s crust. As magma is forced up
through the pipe, the magma and gases will exit the volcano through the central vent.
This lava c an also exit through side vents and then cools and hardens over time.
19. What causes an earthquake?
An earthquake is caused by plates moving in any direction. The most severe earthquakes
occur at transform boundaries.
20. What is Pangaea?
Pangaea is the term used for “supercontinent”.
Study your papers in both of your journals and also study the Earth Science
vocabulary in your Vocabulary Journal.
Test consists of Multiple Choice, Completion and Short Answer questions.
Review all notes and handouts, as well as completed work.