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Name_____________________ Period______ CHAPTER 21—SECTION 1—P. 551 #1-6 1. What is a pathogen? Name four types of pathogens. a. ____________________ b. ____________________ c. ____________________ d. ____________________ 2. How do pathogens cause infectious diseases? 3. What is a virus? How are viruses different form bacteria? 4. What are four ways that infectious diseases can spread? a. _____________________ b. _____________________ c. _____________________ d. _____________________ 5. If you were traveling to a country where mosquito-borne diseases were common, how would you protect yourself from getting infected? 6. Why do you think that communities boil their drinking water after a sewage line break? CHAPTER 21—SECTION 3—P. 563 #1-7 1. List four bacterial diseases. _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ 2. What is an antibiotic? What type of pathogen does it work against? 3. List four viral diseases. _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Describe how a mild viral infection might to treated. 4. Describe 5 symptoms that should prompt you to seek medical care. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. Identify three healthful behaviors that can help you avoid infectious diseases. 1. 2. 3. 6. If you had the flu, how would you try to reduce the chances of spreading it to other members of your family? 7. Children usually have more infectious diseases per year than adults. Why do you think this is so? CHAPTER 22—SECTION 1--P. 577 #1-5 1. What is a sexually transmitted infection? 2. What are three risky behaviors that contribute to the current STI epidemic? 1. 2. 3. 3. Explain how practicing abstinence, avoiding drugs and your choices of friends can help you avoid STI’s Sexual abstinence Avoiding drugs Choice of Friends 4. How is the fact that some STIs have few or no symptoms related to the STI epidemic? 5. Explain how refusal skills and effective communication are important skills that teens can use to avoid STIs. CHAPTER 22—SECTION 2—P. 583 #1-7 1. What are three of the most common STIs in the US? What type of pathogen causes each STI. Common STI Pathogen _______________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 2. Why is pelvic inflammatory disease a serious problem in women? 3. List the symptoms of hepatitis, gonorrhea, genital herpes and syphilis. a. Hepatitis b. Gonorrhea c. Genital herpes d. Syphilis 4. which stage of syphilis is characterized by the appearance of a chancre? 5. When should a person seek treatment for STIs? 6. Which of the STIs that you learned about in this section can be treated but not cured? Which can be cured if treated early? Treated, not cured— Cured— 7. Suppose a friend is worried about a possible STI. Write an e-mail to your friend, offering your advice about what to do. CHAPTER 22—SECTION 3—P. 589 #1-6 1. Explain how HIV affects the immune system and how it eventually leads to AIDS. 2. What is meant by an opportunistic infection? Give an example. 3. What are four ways that HIV can be transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person? ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ List three ways HIV is not transmitted. ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ 4. Which region of the world accounts for the majority of HIV infections? 5. Should teens in the US be concerned about the global AIDS problem? a. Why or why not? 6. HIV is more common in poorer countries than in wealthier countries. Why do you think this might be the case? CHAPTER 22—SECTION 4—P. 596 #1-6 1. What are the three behaviors that can help you avoid HIV infection? ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ 2. What does an HIV test involve? 3. What does HIV-positive mean? 4. What is the main goal of HIV treatment? How is that goal achieved? 5. Depression can be a serious problem in people who are HIV-positive. What do you think are some ways to help people deal with the mental and emotional effects of this disease? 6. Doctors recommend that people who are HIV-positive should stay as healthy as possible, eating well, getting enough sleep and avoiding exposure to anyone with an infectious disease. Why do doctors recommend this?