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Chapter 6 Study Guide: Thermal Energy
Part A: Match the terms on the left with the explanations and situations on the right. Some
answers may be used more than once and some may not be used at all.
A. method of heat transfer where particles collide
1. Heat flow
B. heat flows slowly in this type of material
2. Convection
3. Thermal Energy
4. Conduction
5. Radiation
C. the air temperature is greatest at the top of a staircase
because of this
D. the increase in thermal energy of the system equals
work done on the system plus the heat transferred to the
system
E. difference between materials that absorb the same
amount of heat with different changes in temperature
F. unit for heat energy/thermal energy
6. Temperature
G. heat energy from the sun is absorbed by a blade of grass
7. Specific Heat
H. unit for temperature
8. Joule
9. Closed System
10. Kelvin
I. the total energy remains constant between all objects in
the group
J. this will not spontaneously occur from a lower
temperature to a higher temperature
K. a measure of average KE (doesn’t depend on mass)
11. Insulator
L. KEtotal + PE
12. First Law of
Thermodynamics
Part B: True or False – Write TRUE or FALSE beside each statement. If I can’t read it, it’s wrong!
1. A 2-kg beaker of water has a temperature of 15°C. If 2 more kg of water
at 15°C are added, the temperature becomes 30°C.
2. Thermal Energy only moves from particles at a lower temperature to
particles at a higher temperature.
3. Friction converts thermal energy into mechanical energy.
4. Heat cannot spontaneously flow from a cool object to a warm object.
5. The thermal energy of an object decreases when some of its mass is
removed because thermal energy depends on the total kinetic energy of all
the particles.
6. Work can be completely converted into heat, but heat cannot be
completely converted into work.
7. Water is used as a coolant because it has a very low specific heat,
meaning it changes temperature quickly when a small amount of heat is
added.
8. A refrigerator does work to move heat from a cooler temperature to a
warmer temperature by using a coolant.
Part C: Short Answer – Write a few sentences to answer each of the following. You may draw a
picture along with your answer, but make sure you write an explanation.
1. A horseshoe is heated in a fire.
a. Explain why it is easier to bend when it’s hot.
b. Explain why water is used to cool the horseshoe.
2. a. Describe the heating process when a beaker of water is heated from the bottom.
b. Describe the heating process when a beaker of water is heated from the top.
3. A beaker holds 30 mL of water at 22℃. Another beaker holds 30 mL of water at 22℃.
Both volumes of water are added together.
a. What is the final temperature of the 60 mL volume of water?
b. What is “temperature”?
4. One summer day, your friend decides to leave the refrigerator door open too cool off the
kitchen. After a few hours, would this work or not? Using all your knowledge of heat movers,
explain your reasoning.
Part D: Fill in the blank with the appropriate word or phrase, or label where appropriate. Refer
to the pictures above each item and use the following terms. (not all will be used)
Work
Conduction
Thermodynamics
Mass
Solid
Gas
Temperature
Convection
Thermal Energy
Radiation
Kinetic
Liquid
1. The arrows represent the velocity of each particle. Particles are of the same substance.
The cube on the right has the same _______________ as the cube on the left. However,
the cube on the right has more particles and more _______________.
(a)
(b)
(c)
2. These diagrams are of particles of different states of matter. Diagram A represents
_______________ particles because they are spaced far apart and have high kinetic
energy. Diagram B represents _______________ particles because they are closer
together but still able to move freely. Diagram C represents _______________ particles
because they are tightly packed and vibrate at lower velocities than the other two.
3. The above picture represents 3 methods of heat transfer. Label each. (hint: the arrows
for one are not shown – draw it!)
4. Discuss each method of heat transfer (hint: use your concept map).
5. What are three common temperature scales? Compare freezing and boiling of these
scales.
Part E: Problems – Use the temperature conversion equations and the thermal energy
equation to solve the problems in this section. Partial credit will be given for setting up the
problem correctly, even if the answer is wrong, so TRY!
1. An ice cube has a temperature of -5°C. What is its temperature on the Kelvin scale?
2. A mass of 0.50-kg of water at 25°C is in a pot on a stove. The stove is turned on and the
temperature of the water rises to 84°C. The specific heat of water is 4,184 J/kg°C. What
amount of heat energy did the water gain?
3. The pot in problem 2 starts at a temperature of 25°C and has a mass of 1-kg. It is made
of copper, which has a specific heat of 385 J/kg°C. How much heat energy is needed to get
it to the same final temperature as the water (84°C)?
4. A substance at 73°C has a mass of 8.4 kg. Its specific heat is 710 J/kg°C. What is the
temperature of the substance after 73,000 J of thermal energy have been added?
5. Use the chart on pg. 185. A substance has a mass of 0.128-kg and a temperature of 84°C.
When it is placed in 0.056-kg of water at 23°C, the water absorbs its heat energy until the
substance and the water both reach a temperature of 30°C. The specific heat of water is
4,184 J/kg°C. Find the specific heat of the other substance and name it. Hint: this is what
you did in the specific heat lab!