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Login and click on Internet Explorer Name __________________________ Enter the following web address: http://www.chem4kids.com Click on the link Biochemistry From the menu on the right click on carbohydrates. Read the passage and answer the following questions. 1. What is another name for carbohydrates? ______________________________________ 2. How is an organic compound defined? ________________________________________ 3. What are the 2 primary uses for carbohydrates? _________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. The name for one sugar is a _________________________________________________ 5. The name for a two sugar molecule is a _______________________________________ 6. What is the most important monosaccharide on Earth? ___________________________ 7. Why is it so important? ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 8. Examine the structural formula for glucose. What is its formula?____________________ 9. What type of sugar is table sugar? ____________________________________________ 10. What simpler sugars make up table sugar? _____________________________________ 11. What is a polysaccharide? __________________________________________________ 12. What is the common name of a typical polysaccharide? ___________________________ 13. What types of foods provide these molecules? __________________________________ 14. What is cellulose used for? _________________________________________________ 15. Where is cellulose found? __________________________________________________ 16. What is chitin? __________________________________________________________ 17. Where is chitin found? __________________________________________________ From the menu on the right, click on lipids. 1. The common names of lipids are _____________________________________________ 2. What is the function of waxes? ______________________________________________ 3. Fats are made from one _______________________ and 3 ________________________ 4. Glycerol has ________ (#) of carbons. 5. What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat? ____________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 6. The purpose of fats are to ___________________________________________________ From the menu on the right, click on Nucleic Acids. 1. Name the two types of nucleic acids. __________________________________________ 2. What is the shape of a DNA molecule? ________________________________________ 3. What is the monomer for nucleic acids? _______________________________________ 4. What are the 5 types of nucleotides? __________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. Name the 3 parts of the nucleotide molecule.___________________________________ From the menu on the right, click on DNA 6. What does DNA stand for? _________________________________________________ 7. On what cell structure is DNA found? ________________________________________ 8. Where are these structures located in the cell? __________________________________ 9. What is the role of DNA? _________________________________________________ 10. In terms of base pairs, how does one individual differ from another? _______________ _________________________________________________________________________ From the menu on the right, click on amino acid structure. 1. What are amino acids used for? ______________________________________________ 2. What is a carboxyl group? __________________________________________________ 3. What is an amino group? ___________________________________________________ 4. Why are some amino called essential? ________________________________________ 5. What is along chain of amino acids called? ____________________________________ 6. What are side groups? _____________________________________________________ From the menu on the right, click on enzymes. 1. Define the role of enzymes. _________________________________________________ 2. What does “enzymes are very specific” mean? __________________________________ 3. What is a substrate? _______________________________________________________ 4. How do substrates and enzymes attach? _______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 5. What happens to an enzyme once a reaction has taken place? ______________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 6. Name some factors that influence the rate of enzyme action._______________________ __________________________________________________________________________ From the menu on the right, click on enzyme regulation. 1. If the temperature gets too high, what happens to enzymes? ________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. How are enzymes effected by pH? ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Explain the roles of activators and inhibitors. ___________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Type in the web address: http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/biolab/index.htm Under Lab 1- Biological Molecules, click on the first link “tests for organic molecules.” For each test in the chart below, click on the test link. A bottle will appear on the right of the test tubes. Write the name of the test solution. Then, click on the “Add” link and record the test results. Organic Molecule Test reagent Initial color of Positive result color solution Reducing sugars Starch Protein lipid Scroll down to identify the organic molecules in the unknown solutions. Unknown #1 1. Which tests revealed positive results for Unknown #1? ____________________________ 2. What is the solution name for the lipid test? _____________________________________ 3. What is the contents of unknown #1?__________________________________________ Unknown #2 1. Which tests revealed positive results for Unknown #2? ____________________________ 2. What is the solution name for the protein test? ___________________________________ 3. What is the contents of unknown #2?__________________________________________ Unknown #3 1. Which tests revealed positive results for Unknown #3? ____________________________ 2. What is the solution name for the sugar test? ____________________________________ 3. What is the contents of unknown #3?__________________________________________ Click on the BACK button, then click on” Matching tests for organic molecules”. Write the name of the test next to each type of solution. Benedict’s solution ____________________________________ Biuret reagent ________________________________________ Sudan III dye ________________________________________ Iodine ______________________________________________ Click on the BACK button, then click on “Exercise in Unknowns.” Write the names of the organic substance(s) in each unknown. There may be more than one or none at all. Unknown #1 ___________________________________________ Unknown #5 ___________________________________________ Unknown #2 ___________________________________________ Unknown #4 ___________________________________________ Unknown #3 ___________________________________________ Answers for Unknowns in tests for organic molecules Unknown #1- Benedict’s solution, sugar Unknown #2-Iodine and Biuret reagent, starch and protein Unknown #3- Benedict’s solution and Sudan III dye, sugar and lipid Answers for Matching tests for organic molecules Sugar Protein. Lipid Starch Answers for Exercises for Unknown Unknown #1- sugar Unknown #5- sugar and starch Unknown #2- starch and protein Unknown #4- water Unknown #3- sugar and lipid