Download Chapter 9 = World War I (1914-1918) (p. 320

Chapter 9 = World War I (1914-1918)
(p. 320-353)
MAIN IDEAS
Peace Conference
January 1919
NOTES
1.) Held at Palace of __________________________________________________________________________
2.) Lasted __________________________________________________________________________________
3.) ________________________________________________________________________________________
4.) ________________________________________________________________________________________
5.) Germany was ____________________________________________________________________________
6.) ________________________________________________________________________________________

Allies refused to recognize the Communist government set up by Lenin

Russia was in a civil war with communists v. non-communists

1918 = US, Britain and Japan had sent forces to help the anti-communists

15,000 US troops were in Russia from 1918 to 1920

The Communist Bolsheviks won the civil war in 1920
“ Fourteen Points”
Peace Plan
1.) ________________________________________________________________________________ to help set
up a lasting peace in Europe
 Based on “the principle of justice to all peoples and nationalities”
 See “The Fourteen Points” on p. 342
a.) Points #1-5 = ____________________________________________________________________________

Free trade, freedom of the seas, disarmament or reduction in military forces, impartial adjustment of
colonial claims, open diplomacy instead of secret agreements
b.) Points #6-13 = ___________________________________________________________________________

Borders based on ethnicity and national identity; no nation should be allowed to keep territory taken from
another nation
c.) Point #14 = _____________________________________________________________________________

to preserve peace by pledging to respect and protect each other’s territory and political independence

Wilson’s main focus = he was willing to give up other goals in exchange for a League of Nations
Peace of Paris
 See “Changes in Europe,
1919” map on p. 343
 See “What Did the Allies
Agree to Do? - Treaty of
Versailles” on p. 343
1.) France and other Allies wanted _______________________________________________________________

Wanted to prevent future threats from Germany

Had made secret agreements with each other to divide up lands of the Central Powers

Did not use all of Wilson’s 14 Points
2.) ________________________________________________________________________________________

Separate treaties were made with different countries in the Central Powers
a.) ______________________________________________________________________________________

Four empires were dismantled = Austro-Hungarian Empire, Russian Empire, German Empire, and the
Ottoman Empire

9 new nations created = Austria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland
and Yugoslavia

1920 = Ottoman Empire was divided into Turkey, Syria (including Lebanon), Iraq, Palestine, and
Transjordan
o Syria = French supervision
o Iraq, Palestine, and Transjordan = British supervision
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Chapter 9 = World War I (1914-1918)
(p. 320-353)
3.) ________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) ______________________________________________________________________________________
b.) ____________________________________________________________________ near the French border
c.) Germany forced to ________________________________________________________________________

“war guilt clause”
d.) Allies demanded _________________________________________________________________________

Reparations = monetary compensation for war damages

Intended to keep Germany’s economy weak
e.) _______________________________________________________________________________________

Germany was not allowed national self-determination

Lands occupied by Germans were given to Poland and Czechoslovakia

Germany was split into two parts to give Poland access to the Baltic Sea

Germany’s colonies in Africa and the Middle East were placed under the supervision of Britain and
France

Germany’s colonies in East Asia were given to Japan
4.) Allies agreed to a __________________________________________________________________________

Reduce armaments

Settle disputes with arbitration

Aid any member threatened by another country
The US Senate
Rejects the Treaty
1.) _______________ of US Senate has to _________________________________________________________

1918 = Republicans controlled the Senate
2.) _______________________________________________________ = refused to support the League of Nations

Also called “Isolationists”

Saw it as an “entangling alliance” that the Founders of the USA had warned against

Article 10 called for League member’s to protect each other’s independence or territory if threatened
3.) ________________________________________________ = wanted changes made to the League of Nations

Wanted it amended to say that military action by the US required the approval of Congress

Wilson refused because he thought the League would lose effectiveness
 Sept. 1919 = Wilson traveled the US to gain support for the treaty to force the Senate to accept it

8,000 miles and 40 speeches in 3 weeks
 Sept. 25, 1919 = Wilson had a stroke
4.) Nov. 1919 = Senate _________________________________________________________________________
5.) March 1920 = Senate _______________________________________________________________________

Wilson continued to refuse to compromise on the treaty
6.) 1921 = US ________________________________________________________________________ with each
of the Central Powers

Separate treaties made after Wilson had left office in 1921

The US did not sign a treaty with Germany until 1921
7.) ________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
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