Download Acclimatization

Chapter 9
Acclimatization
Acclimation
Adaptation
Laura Paton
Jessica Perrotta
Katie Rossi
Define and distinguish between the
following terms:
acclimatization
acclimation
adaptation
Which process(es) represent (s) an
ecological response and which an
evolutionary response?
Acclimatization
• physiological, biochemical, or anatomical
modifications occurring within the lifetime
of an individual organism that result from
exposure to a naturally occurring
environmental challenge (phenotypic
change).
http://www.life.uiuc.edu/mcb/441/private/kwast_lecture1.html
Example of Acclimatization
Humans who migrate permanently to a higher altitude
naturally acclimatize to their new environment by
developing an increase in the number of red blood cells
to increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, in
order to compensate for lower levels of oxygen in the
air.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acclimation
Acclimation
• physiological, biochemical, or anatomical
modifications within an individual organism
that result from exposure to an
environmental challenge in a laboratory or
field setting. (phenotypic change).
http://www.life.uiuc.edu/mcb/441/private/kwast_lecture1.html
Example of Acclimation
ACCLIMATING FISH
– The set-up of an aquarium for pet fish is an example of how an
organism must acclimate. Many types of sea life are extremely
sensitive to changes in water temperature. If the temperature of
aquarium water is very different from that of the water a fish was
transported in, the fish may have trouble adjusting. Therefore, it
is often recommended that fish by acclimated by being placed
in the aquarium water in the bag of it’s transport water until the
temperatures of both sets of water even out.
http://reef.geddis.org/55g/p/0828-acclimate.jpg
Adaptation
• physiological, biochemical, or anatomical
modifications occurring within a species
(over several generations) that facilitate an
enhanced ability to survive and reproduce
in a particular environment, i.e., "genetic"
adaptation (genotypic change = change in
a species genetic makeup).
http://www.life.uiuc.edu/mcb/441/private/kwast_lecture1.html
Example of Adaptation
• Adaptations include both traits that will increase survival
and those that will increase reproduction.
• EX: DARWIN’S FINCHES
– During sever droughts, the only food source available to these
birds are tough seeds. Finches with larger bills can open the
seeds with more ease. Therefore, a large bill is an adaptation
that increases survival rates for this finch when rain is scarce.
http://mysite.du.edu/~ttyler/ploughboy/darwinfinches.jpg
Example of Adaptation
These birds have adapted
camouflage to suit the leaf
litter of the tropical
rainforest where they live.
When they notice an
intruder they stay very still
without blinking and are
very difficult to spot.
http://library.thinkquest.org/18757/gather/adaptation.htm
A pair of Stone Curlews
Example of Adaptation
The Tulip Oak
(Argyrodendron polyandrum)
This tree, despite its name, is
not an oak.
This species has developed
buttresses which can support
the tree to grow above the
canopy of the rainforest.
http://library.thinkquest.org/18757/gather/adaptation.htm
Ecological Response VS Evolutionary Response
• Ecological: both acclimation and
acclimatization are ecological responses
because they involve the changes that
occur in a single organism due to a
change in climate or environment.
Ecological Response VS Evolutionary Response
• Evolutionary: adaptation is an
evolutionary response, because it involves
the favoring of a specific trait in an
organism in a specific environment. It
occurs over generations, and is thus
evolutionary.
Key Differences in Definition
Acclimatization-
occurs within an individual organism
changes within a lifetime
results from an environmental change, change is reversible
due to natural conditions
phenotypic change
ecological response
Acclimation-
occurs within an individual organism
changes within a lifetime
results from an environmental change, change is reversible
due to experimental conditions
can be in laboratory or controlled field setting
phenotypic change
ecological response
Adaptation-
occurs within a group of individuals (population)
changes over several generations
results from an environmental change, change is not reversible
due to either natural or experimental conditions (artificial
selection)
genetic change
evolutionary response