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Mrs. Giorgianni/Physical Setting Earth Science UNIT V: PLATE TECTONICS/EARTH’S INTERIOR The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing. Albert Einstein Main Concepts/Ideas: The mantle is like silly putty with plates riding on it. We know this because of seismic wave data (ESRT page 10) Dense, mafic ocean crust sits lower in the mantle than felsic, granitic continental crust. Volcanoes occur at subduction boundaries and hot spots like Hawaii. Rising heat from convection pulls apart the plates at divergent boundaries. Plates submerge or collide at convergent boundaries. Plate boundaries are the site of most earthquakes, volcanoes and young mountain ranges. The focus is where an earthquake occurs underground, where plates rub against each other. The epicenter is directly above the focus. P-Waves move faster than S-Waves. S-Waves don’t travel through liquids, wo we know the outer core is liquid. ESRT has a chart depicting a cross-section of Earth with all the particulars. If you know the distance, you can read the travel time of the P and S waves. Key Questions: What are the three main types of boundaries and how do they move? How did the Hawaiian Islands form? Explain the difference between an earthquake’s focus and epicenter. Compare and contrast S-Waves and P-Waves What information can you infer from the Travel Time graph on page 11 of your ESRT? Vocabulary: Vocab #1 ~ Feb 10 Asthenosphere Convergent Boundary Crust Divergent Boundary Earthquake Vocab #2 ~ Feb 18 Epicenter Focus Intensity Lithosphere Magnitude Vocab #3 ~ Feb 24 Moho Interface Plate Tectonics Subduction P-Waves S-Waves Vocab #4 ~ March 3 Rift Valley Seismic Waves Shadow Zone Transform Boundary Tsunami Lab Activities: □ □ Crustal Boundaries Sea-Floor Spreading □ □ Origin of the Hawaiian Islands Locating Earthquake epicenters Castle Learning Homework Assignments: Castle Learning Week #23/Vocab #1, due February 10 Castle Learning Week #24/Vocab #2, due February 18 Castle Learning Week #25/Vocab #3 due February 24 Castle Learning Week #26/Vocab #4, due March 3 Giorgianni ~ Unit V Outline 2013/2014 Quizzes/Unit Test: Topic Quizzes will be given after each sub-unit: Crustal Boundaries Earththquake location Plate Tectonics Unit Test ~ Sometime around January 18 o 25 Multiple choice questions – BRING A PENCIL o 5 Short answer questions Unit Review of Key Ideas: Plate Tectonics 1. Earthquakes and volcanoes occur at plate boundaries, like the Ring of Fire. 2. Convection depends upon Density. Warmer material is less dense and rises. 3. Convection drives MANY things, such as atmospheric movement and convection in the mantle causing Plate movements. 4. Rising heat from convection pulls apart the plates at divergent boundaries. Plates submerge or collide at convergent boundaries. 5. Volcanoes occur at hot spots, example, Hawaii. That plate is moving to the NW, as seen by age of islands. 6. The focus is where an earthquake occurs underground when plates rub against each other. The epicenter is directly above it. 7. P-waves move faster than S-waves. S-waves don’t move through liquids, so we know the outer core is liquid. ESRT has a great chart showing a cross-section of earth. 8. If you know the difference in arrival time of the P and S waves, you can “slide” to the distance on ESRT. 9. If you know the distance, you can read the travel time of either P or S wave. 10. If you know the travel time, you can subtract that from arrival time to get origin time. 11. The denser, mafic ocean crust sits lower in the mantle than the felsic, granitic continental crust. 12. The mantle is like silly putty, with the plates riding on it. We know this from earthquake wave data. 13. Three seismograms are needed to pinpoint the exact location of an earthquake epicenter. 14. Seismic wave data provides evidence of the density of Earth’s interior. 15. The greater the distance between the S and P wave arrival times, the greater the distance from the earthquake epicenter. Giorgianni ~ Unit V Outline 2013/2014