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Jeopardy- Islamic Empires Ottomans 10 pts. Which branch of Islam did the Ottomans ascribe to? Sunni **How was Islam under the Ottomans different than in other Islamic empires? Women were more respected, shari’a law was not as strict, Ottomans were more willing to interpret Islam in a way that made sense during changing times. 20 pts. Who is considered to be the greatest of all Ottoman rulers? Suleyman the magnificent ** Who founded the Ottoman empire? Osman 30 pts. What was the name of the elite military establishment that worked to defend the Ottoman Empire? The Janissaries **What was so especially unique about the Janissaries? They were originally nonMuslims, mostly Christians, who had been taken at a young age, converted to Islam and trained to work for and protect the empire. 40 pts. In what year did the Ottomans take Constantinople? 1453 **Which empire ended as a result of this takeover? The Byzantine Empire 50 pts. The Ottoman Empire finally disappeared after this war. World War I **During which century did the Ottoman empire really start to decline? The 18th century 60 pts. What was the Ottoman policy towards people of other faiths? Tolerance. They allowed them to follow their own religion, allowed minorities to run most of their affairs on their own, including having separate courts for many issues. **What was the name of the system the Ottomans used to allow religious communities to have autonomous regions? The millet system 70 pts. What type of economic relationship did the Ottoman Empire develop with Europe in the 18th century? A dependent relationship. Because the Ottoman empire failed to industrialize, cheap manufactured goods from Europe were able to displace craft goods made in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans provided raw materials for Europe who then sold the manufactured goods to the Ottomans. Safavids 10 pts. Which branch of Islam did the Safavids ascribe to? Shi’ite **True or False: For most of their reign the Safavids were also quite tolerant of other faiths within the region. False 20 pts. Who is considered to be the greatest of all Safavid rulers? Shah Abbas **Who founded the Safavid dynasty? Shah Ismail 30 pts. Which empire was the Safavid Empire in constant conflict with? The Ottomans **Why did the Safavid Empire lose so many battles with the Ottomans in the early 1500s. Because the red heads, the military elites of the Safavids, refused to use firearms, whereas the Ottomans had adopted gunpowder weapons early on. 40 pts. The Safavids were able to gain an advantage over the Ottomans because they allied with this region of the world against the Ottomans. Europe **Why would the decline of the Ottoman Empire also lead to the decline of the Safavids? Because they relaxed, kicked back, and forgot that running an empire takes work and concentration even when you are not at war. 50 pts. What percentage of Iran became Shi’ite under the Safavid empire? 90% **Under the Safavids, the government became a theocracy. What is a theocracy? A country in which the religious authorities run the country 60 pts. The particular brand of shi’ism the Safavids adhered to was twelver shi’ism. What is twelver shi’ism? The branch (majority) of Shi’ites who believe that when the world ends the 12th Imam will return to earth in order to create a perfect Islamic society. **In which country do most twelver Shi’ites live in today? Iran 70 pts. In the Safavid Dynasty the role of the ulema (with an e) has been important. What is the ulema? It is the group of clerics considered to be the foremost religious authority in a country. **Please describe one instance in which the ulema figured prominently in the history of the Safavid empire. When Ismail took power and started the Safavid Dynasty, he killed the Sunni ulema and replaced it with a shi’ite ulema. In 1722 the Safavid dynasty comes to an end when the ulema kicks out the shah Mughals 10 pts. Which famous building was created as a mausoleum for a beautiful wife? The Taj Mahal **Which leader sponsored the building of the Taj Mahal? Shah Jahan 20 pts. Who is considered to be the greatest ruler under the Mughals? Akbar **Akbar created Din I Ilahi. Why? He wanted to create a religion that would bring together all religions. 30 pts. Which religion was established during the beginning of the Mughal empire in the Punjab region? Sikhism **Name two beliefs of the Sikhs. Monotheism, equity between all races, ethnicities, nationalities and genders, following the gurus, meditation, reincarnation, mysticism, you should be willing etc. 40 pts. Which country was able to begin to colonize India under Jahingar? Great Britain **Which institution did the British use in order to organize their initial colonial efforts? The sent in the British East India Company to do the work for them 50 pts. What was Jahingar’s greatest weakness? His alcoholism **What happened to his empire? It came under the control of his wife, Nur Jahan, who probably used her position to gain wealth and power for her family. 60 pts. This group of Hindus banded together to bring down the Mughal Empire and then fought against British imperialism. The Marathas **Which religious group fought against the Mughal Empire and allied with the British? The Sikhs 70 pts. Put the following Mughal emperors in order: Babur, Aurangzeb, Jahingar, Shah Jahan, Akbar. Babur, Akbar, Jahingar, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb **How was Aurangzeb’s policies significantly different than his predecessors? He was much less tolerant of other religions, he reinstated the jizya, etc. Comparisons and Continuities 10 pts. Which of the three empires was emerged a more than a century before the other two? The Ottomans, which really emerged during the 14th century. **In what century did the Safavids and the Mughals emerge? During the early 16th century. 20 pts. Which two empires were the most religiously tolerant? The Ottomans and the Mughals **Which two empires had good initial relations with the British? The Safavids and the Mughals 30 pts. What is shari’a law? Islamic law that was developed in the years after Muhammad’s death. **Which empire followed the strictest form of shari’a law consistently? The Safavids 40 pts. Name one significant difference between modern day Iran and modern day Turkey. Turkey has a secular political democracy, Iran is a theocracy **If you were to look at female politicians in Turkey and Iran, how would you be able to tell the difference just by looking at them? Female politicians in Turkey would have their heads uncovered and would probably be wearing western dress, female politicians in Iran would definitely have their heads covered and would probably be covered head to toe in black with just their face showing. 50 pts. In which empire did the leader rule mostly over people who were not of the same faith as him? Mughal **The majority religious group under the Mughal empire was…Hindu 60 pts. In which empire was the leader probably the most removed from his people? The Mughal Empire **True or False: In the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires, most rulers did not pay attention to public opinion at all. False 70 pts. All three empires declined for similar reasons. Give at least two reasons why all three declined. They all had problems with hereditary succession, they all failed to industrialize and thus became economically dependent on Europe, all their empires suffered from political corruption **During which century did they all decline and in some cases disappear? 18th century Hodgepodge 10 pts. All three of the early modern Islamic empires were gunpowder empires. What does it mean to be a gunpowder empire? That the empire gained power because of their use of gunpowder. **True or False: The Ottoman Empire was secular. False 20 pts. What is the majority ethnicity in Iran? Persian **What was the majority ethnicity in the Ottoman Empire? Turkish 30 pts. Please explain the relationship between the Ottoman empire and the Jews. The Ottomans welcomed the Jews who were expelled from Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella. **In what year did they extend this invitation? 1492 40 pts. Who is the current president of Iran? President Ahmadinejad **What is the controversy over him right now? In Iran, there have been popular protests (Green Movement) because people believe that his reelection was fraudulent. The poorer classes have traditionally aligned with Ahmadinejad, but if the economy continues to suffer, their loyalty may wane. He also is insisting that Iran have the right to enrich uranium. 50 pts. What is one of the biggest controversies in Turkey today? Whether or not women should be allowed to wear headscarves in public institutions (like schools and government, etc.) **What is term for the belief that government and religion should be separate? Secularism 60 pts. Why might religious tolerance make a country stronger? Because the government would not have to spend as much time putting down religious rebellions, members of different religious groups often have ties with people of that same religious group in other countries which can help facilitate trade… **Give as many historical reasons as you can for why Turkey today is secular. They have a historical tradition of pluralism from the Ottoman empire; during the 18th century, the Ottomans fell far behind Europe economically, and after World War I, when the Ottoman Empire was dismantled, the new Turkish government systematically attempted to purge the government of “backwards” ways of governing and make their government more “modern” (i.e. European). 70 pts. How is the population of Iran changing? It is much younger than it had been before. As these young people grow up, their perspectives are likely to change the government of Iran. **Generally, people in Iran have a mixed view of the United States. Please explain the complexity of their views. Generally, the young people like US culture and have no problem with the American people. However, many in Iran dislike US foreign policy, especially their support of Israel. Almost all Iranians, however, are against any US interference in the affairs of their country. Geography 10 pts. What modern day country is the inheritor of the Ottoman Empire’s legacy? Turkey **What modern day country is the inheritor of the Mughal Empire’s legacy? India 20 pts. Point to the Anatolian Peninsula. **What empire was centered on the Anatolian Peninsula? Ottoman Empire 30 pts. Point to the way the trade routes changed when the Ottoman empire began to decline. They bypassed the Mediterranean and went around Africa **Who originally found this route? Vasco de Gama 40 pts. Point to Istanbul on the map. **What was Istanbul’s former name? Constantinople 50 pts. Point to Iran on the map. **What empire controlled Iran during the 1500s to early 1700s? Safavids 60 pts. Point to Iraq on the map. **What two empire fought over Iraq? Ottomans and Safavids 70 pts. Point to the Deccan Plateau on the map. **Under what emperor did the Mughal empire expand through the entire Deccan plateau? Aurangzeb