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Digestive System Digestive System n n Large complex molecules broken down into simpler molecules Long tube beginning with mouth and ending with the anus Digestive Systems n n n Man & Pig have a simple stomach with an extensive intestinal system Ruminants have a complex stomach with a simpler intestinal system Horses & Rabbits have a simple stomach with an extensive intestinal system and an enlarged cecum Digestive System n n n n n n Mouth: “Prehension” tool (grasps food) Salivary Glands secrete juices containing enzymes (digest food) Chewing food breaks down also Esophagus: muscular tube that connects mouth to stomach Peristaltic Movement: sequential contraction of ringlike muscles Reverse Peristalsis = blowing chunks Simple Stomach n n Muscular contractions break down food Enzymes break down food: Gastric: proteins n Liver & Pancreatic: fats n Ruminant Stomach n n Stomach occupies 3/4 of abdominal cavity, mostly on the left side Rumen (paunch): 80% of stomach, lighter food collects here microbes digest cellulose n lots of water n n Reticulum (hardware stomach): 5% of stomach, heavy foreign items are trapped here Ruminant Stomach n n n Omasum (many plies): 8% of stomach, absorbs water Abomasum (true stomach): 8% of stomach, typical enzyme activity Rumination: regurgitation, rechewing of food Digestive System n Small Intestine: long coiled tube connecting stomach to large intestine rest of the digestion and absorbtion takes place here n surface covered with villi (surface area) n n Large Intestine: Cecum, colon, rectum absorbs water (makes feces more solid) n some vitamins & minerals absorbed here n Cecal Fermenters (Horse): similar to rumen n Digestive System n n n Accessory organs: Pancreas secretes enzymes to break down fat Liver (largest internal organ) secretes bile, which digests fats n also stores iron