IB104 - Lecture 32 - Speciation
... This results from all the factors we considered in the last lecture on population genetics. For example, founding of a small new population will involve genetic drift, as would population bottlenecks in the separate populations. Random mutations will be different between the two populations. They wi ...
... This results from all the factors we considered in the last lecture on population genetics. For example, founding of a small new population will involve genetic drift, as would population bottlenecks in the separate populations. Random mutations will be different between the two populations. They wi ...
Evolution by Natural Selection
... 2. Suppose an unusual heritable characteristic helped animals to live longer but made them sterile so they could not have any offspring. Explain why this heritable characteristic would not become more common in subsequent generations as a result of evolution by natural selection. ...
... 2. Suppose an unusual heritable characteristic helped animals to live longer but made them sterile so they could not have any offspring. Explain why this heritable characteristic would not become more common in subsequent generations as a result of evolution by natural selection. ...
Evolution Notes and Activities Day 1 – What is meant by “evolution
... over long periods of time. It is responsible for the remarkable similarities we see across all life and the amazing diversity of that life. Evolution is often described as "descent with modification." (passing changes down to offspring) Evolution only occurs when there is a change in gene frequency ...
... over long periods of time. It is responsible for the remarkable similarities we see across all life and the amazing diversity of that life. Evolution is often described as "descent with modification." (passing changes down to offspring) Evolution only occurs when there is a change in gene frequency ...
evolution 2
... Intersexual selection occurs when individuals of one sex (usually females) are choosy in selecting their mates from individuals of the other sex ...
... Intersexual selection occurs when individuals of one sex (usually females) are choosy in selecting their mates from individuals of the other sex ...
Tempo and Mode of Evolution The fossil record tells us a great deal
... The fossil record tells us a great deal about the evolutionary history of life. For example, from fossils we can often determine relationships among species, how characters change over time within a group of species, the rate at which these characters change, and how species diversity changes over t ...
... The fossil record tells us a great deal about the evolutionary history of life. For example, from fossils we can often determine relationships among species, how characters change over time within a group of species, the rate at which these characters change, and how species diversity changes over t ...
Life: By Evolution or Design? - Intelligent Design and Evolution
... gravest objection which can be urged against my theory." (Darwin, The Origin of Species) Out of tens of thousands of species known from the fossil record, only a few are claimed to be Darwin's missing "transitional forms." However, a close analysis of these few fossils (commonly cited ones are Archa ...
... gravest objection which can be urged against my theory." (Darwin, The Origin of Species) Out of tens of thousands of species known from the fossil record, only a few are claimed to be Darwin's missing "transitional forms." However, a close analysis of these few fossils (commonly cited ones are Archa ...
evolution - Dr. Field`s Notes
... which are remnants of structures that at one time had important functions , but in the more modern species, have no or little function. – This can be seen, also, as similar structures having importance in one species of mammals but not in others. – Often the vestigial organs are reduced in size, suc ...
... which are remnants of structures that at one time had important functions , but in the more modern species, have no or little function. – This can be seen, also, as similar structures having importance in one species of mammals but not in others. – Often the vestigial organs are reduced in size, suc ...
Darwin`s finches
... CQ9: If beak depth increased during the drought, primarily due to selective mortality, can we really say that this natural selection was driven by environment favoring the survival of birds with deeper beaks? A: No. Beak depth changed due to birds dying, not to birds surviving. B: Yes. Birds with d ...
... CQ9: If beak depth increased during the drought, primarily due to selective mortality, can we really say that this natural selection was driven by environment favoring the survival of birds with deeper beaks? A: No. Beak depth changed due to birds dying, not to birds surviving. B: Yes. Birds with d ...
Science COS-Biology 2011-2012
... Students will be able to perform monohybrid crosses. Students will be able to perform dihybrid crosses. Students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of probability. Students will be able to use Punnett squares to predict monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. Students will be able to identify and ...
... Students will be able to perform monohybrid crosses. Students will be able to perform dihybrid crosses. Students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of probability. Students will be able to use Punnett squares to predict monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. Students will be able to identify and ...
Unit 1 - Orange Public Schools
... probability of surviving and reproducing in a specific environment. • Natural selection leads to the predominance of certain traits in a population and the suppression of others. • Natural selection may have more than one cause, and some cause-and-effect relationships within natural selection can on ...
... probability of surviving and reproducing in a specific environment. • Natural selection leads to the predominance of certain traits in a population and the suppression of others. • Natural selection may have more than one cause, and some cause-and-effect relationships within natural selection can on ...
ch18 Classification
... The goal is to understand to evolution of the fossil and to indentify both its ancestors and its relatives that might have later evolved into other species. Because data about fossils is usually very poor, fossils have been grouped based on superficial similarities. These groupings are called “form ...
... The goal is to understand to evolution of the fossil and to indentify both its ancestors and its relatives that might have later evolved into other species. Because data about fossils is usually very poor, fossils have been grouped based on superficial similarities. These groupings are called “form ...
Chapter 18 CLASSIFICATION AND SYSTEMATICS
... The goal is to understand to evolution of the fossil and to indentify both its ancestors and its relatives that might have later evolved into other species. Because data about fossils is usually very poor, fossils have been grouped based on superficial similarities. These groupings are called “form ...
... The goal is to understand to evolution of the fossil and to indentify both its ancestors and its relatives that might have later evolved into other species. Because data about fossils is usually very poor, fossils have been grouped based on superficial similarities. These groupings are called “form ...
Darwin Presents His Case
... Natural Selection Natural selection does not make organisms “better.” Adaptations don’t have to be perfect—just good enough to enable an organism to reproduce. Natural selection also doesn’t move in a fixed direction. There is no one, perfect way of doing something. Natural selection is simply enabl ...
... Natural Selection Natural selection does not make organisms “better.” Adaptations don’t have to be perfect—just good enough to enable an organism to reproduce. Natural selection also doesn’t move in a fixed direction. There is no one, perfect way of doing something. Natural selection is simply enabl ...
Explain
... Natural selection - the process by which individuals that have favorable variations and are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do. 1. Darwin proposed that over many generations, natural selection causes the characteristics ...
... Natural selection - the process by which individuals that have favorable variations and are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do. 1. Darwin proposed that over many generations, natural selection causes the characteristics ...
Process of Speciation - Emerald Meadow Stables
... • How do natural selection and genetic drift create new species? – Speciation – formation of new species – Species – group of organisms that breed with one another and produce fertile offspring – share a common gene pool ...
... • How do natural selection and genetic drift create new species? – Speciation – formation of new species – Species – group of organisms that breed with one another and produce fertile offspring – share a common gene pool ...
Document
... Chapter 16 ~ Evolution of populations Variation and gene pools •Gene pool – consists of _____________________ ____________________ •Genetic variation – 2 main sources •_______________________ –Change in sequence of DNA •_______________________ –Occurs during production of gametes Process of speciat ...
... Chapter 16 ~ Evolution of populations Variation and gene pools •Gene pool – consists of _____________________ ____________________ •Genetic variation – 2 main sources •_______________________ –Change in sequence of DNA •_______________________ –Occurs during production of gametes Process of speciat ...
Name
... +/- a relationship between two different species in which one organism benefits while harming the other 31. What is commensalism? +/0 a relationship between two different species in which one organism benefits while the other organism is neither helped or harmed 32. What is the difference between na ...
... +/- a relationship between two different species in which one organism benefits while harming the other 31. What is commensalism? +/0 a relationship between two different species in which one organism benefits while the other organism is neither helped or harmed 32. What is the difference between na ...
Evolution: Evidence of Change
... • South American flora/fauna distinct from European flora/fauna •S. American temperate species were more closely related to S. American tropical species than European temperate species ...
... • South American flora/fauna distinct from European flora/fauna •S. American temperate species were more closely related to S. American tropical species than European temperate species ...
Biology Objectives - Lincoln Public Schools
... 2. investigate and understand genetic variation (mutations) effects on population. 3. explain how carrying capacity and biotic potential influence the genetic makeup of a population. 4. describe and understand how natural selection provides a connection between the fossil record and molecular simila ...
... 2. investigate and understand genetic variation (mutations) effects on population. 3. explain how carrying capacity and biotic potential influence the genetic makeup of a population. 4. describe and understand how natural selection provides a connection between the fossil record and molecular simila ...
File
... • Species of animals that at first looked identical actually varied slightly from island to island in the Galapagos. • Finches collected in the Galapagos looked similar to finches from South America but were, in fact, different species. Finch species also varied from island to island. Caused Darwin ...
... • Species of animals that at first looked identical actually varied slightly from island to island in the Galapagos. • Finches collected in the Galapagos looked similar to finches from South America but were, in fact, different species. Finch species also varied from island to island. Caused Darwin ...
Evolution:
... •For example, thinks giraffes developed long necks because they had to stretch to reach higher branches. •Now, this theory is believed to be incorrect, (accepted idea is that species evolve by genetic changes instead). •Lamarck theorizing still contributed because he observed that species change and ...
... •For example, thinks giraffes developed long necks because they had to stretch to reach higher branches. •Now, this theory is believed to be incorrect, (accepted idea is that species evolve by genetic changes instead). •Lamarck theorizing still contributed because he observed that species change and ...
Chapter 15 Darwin`s Theory of Evolution Chapter Vocabulary Review
... 5. Is the following sentence true or false? Genetic variation is found only in wild organisms in nature. 6. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about artificial selection. a. It is also called selective breeding. b. It occurs when humans select natural variations they find useful. c. It ...
... 5. Is the following sentence true or false? Genetic variation is found only in wild organisms in nature. 6. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about artificial selection. a. It is also called selective breeding. b. It occurs when humans select natural variations they find useful. c. It ...
ppt - Kyle Harms
... plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent on each other in so complex ...
... plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent on each other in so complex ...
History of Life and Evolution
... environment that cause species to be forced to adapt. The ones that survive reproduce and pass on the selected for traits. • These traits enable the offspring to survive until the environment changes and forces new traits to be selected for. ...
... environment that cause species to be forced to adapt. The ones that survive reproduce and pass on the selected for traits. • These traits enable the offspring to survive until the environment changes and forces new traits to be selected for. ...
Introduction to evolution
Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms' observable traits. Genetic changes include mutations, which are caused by damage or replication errors in an organism's DNA. As the genetic variation of a population drifts randomly over generations, natural selection gradually leads traits to become more or less common based on the relative reproductive success of organisms with those traits.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Evolution does not attempt to explain the origin of life (covered instead by abiogenesis), but it does explain how the extremely simple early lifeforms evolved into the complex ecosystem that we see today. Based on the similarities between all present-day organisms, all life on Earth originated through common descent from a last universal ancestor from which all known species have diverged through the process of evolution. All individuals have hereditary material in the form of genes that are received from their parents, then passed on to any offspring. Among offspring there are variations of genes due to the introduction of new genes via random changes called mutations or via reshuffling of existing genes during sexual reproduction. The offspring differs from the parent in minor random ways. If those differences are helpful, the offspring is more likely to survive and reproduce. This means that more offspring in the next generation will have that helpful difference and individuals will not have equal chances of reproductive success. In this way, traits that result in organisms being better adapted to their living conditions become more common in descendant populations. These differences accumulate resulting in changes within the population. This process is responsible for the many diverse life forms in the world.The forces of evolution are most evident when populations become isolated, either through geographic distance or by other mechanisms that prevent genetic exchange. Over time, isolated populations can branch off into new species.The majority of genetic mutations neither assist, change the appearance of, nor bring harm to individuals. Through the process of genetic drift, these mutated genes are neutrally sorted among populations and survive across generations by chance alone. In contrast to genetic drift, natural selection is not a random process because it acts on traits that are necessary for survival and reproduction. Natural selection and random genetic drift are constant and dynamic parts of life and over time this has shaped the branching structure in the tree of life.The modern understanding of evolution began with the 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. In addition, Gregor Mendel's work with plants helped to explain the hereditary patterns of genetics. Fossil discoveries in paleontology, advances in population genetics and a global network of scientific research have provided further details into the mechanisms of evolution. Scientists now have a good understanding of the origin of new species (speciation) and have observed the speciation process in the laboratory and in the wild. Evolution is the principal scientific theory that biologists use to understand life and is used in many disciplines, including medicine, psychology, conservation biology, anthropology, forensics, agriculture and other social-cultural applications.