Extinction Learning
... response to a conditioned stimulus that occurs when the stimulus is presented without reinforcement. The term “extinction” was first used by Ivan Pavlov in reference to his observation that the conditioned response to a cue that predicted food delivery decreased and eventually disappeared when food ...
... response to a conditioned stimulus that occurs when the stimulus is presented without reinforcement. The term “extinction” was first used by Ivan Pavlov in reference to his observation that the conditioned response to a cue that predicted food delivery decreased and eventually disappeared when food ...
Forty3
... – Behavior comes from outside influences – Simple Non-Freudian explanation – The first clearly documented “taste tests” – The first I-O psychologist ...
... – Behavior comes from outside influences – Simple Non-Freudian explanation – The first clearly documented “taste tests” – The first I-O psychologist ...
Discriminative Auditory Fear Learning Requires Both Tuned
... sound discrimination. • The nonlemniscal stream has less selective neurons, which are not tonotopically organized, and is thought to be important for multimodal processing and for several forms of learning. ...
... sound discrimination. • The nonlemniscal stream has less selective neurons, which are not tonotopically organized, and is thought to be important for multimodal processing and for several forms of learning. ...
Operant vs. Respondent Conditioning
... • Present the conditioned stimulus without pairing it with the unconditioned stimulus or with an already established conditioned stimulus, and the conditioned stimulus will lose its eliciting power. ...
... • Present the conditioned stimulus without pairing it with the unconditioned stimulus or with an already established conditioned stimulus, and the conditioned stimulus will lose its eliciting power. ...
Handout - personal.kent.edu
... Positive Reinforcement any stimulus the presentation of which strengthens the behavior upon which it is made contingent. (e.g., lever pressing for food) Negative Reinforcement any (aversive) stimulus the withdrawal of which strengthens the behavior. (e.g., lever pressing to terminate or escape shock ...
... Positive Reinforcement any stimulus the presentation of which strengthens the behavior upon which it is made contingent. (e.g., lever pressing for food) Negative Reinforcement any (aversive) stimulus the withdrawal of which strengthens the behavior. (e.g., lever pressing to terminate or escape shock ...
Ch. 8 - personal.kent.edu
... Stimulus Generalization the tendency to respond to stimuli other than the original CS. The greater the similarity between the CS and the new stimulus, the greater this tendency ...
... Stimulus Generalization the tendency to respond to stimuli other than the original CS. The greater the similarity between the CS and the new stimulus, the greater this tendency ...
An Advocate for Children 1 Conditioning
... Conditioning: According to behaviorism, the processes by which responses become linked to particular stimuli and learning takes place. The word conditioning is used to emphasize the importance of repeated practice, as when an athlete gets into physical condition by training for a long time. Classica ...
... Conditioning: According to behaviorism, the processes by which responses become linked to particular stimuli and learning takes place. The word conditioning is used to emphasize the importance of repeated practice, as when an athlete gets into physical condition by training for a long time. Classica ...
ADDICTION - University of California, San Diego
... Hard to define, & definition has changed over the years. Modern definition of Addiction (Jaffe): “a behavioral pattern of drug use, characterized by 1) overwhelming involvement with the use of a drug (compulsive use) 2) the securing of its supply (compulsive drugseeking), & 3) a high tendency to rel ...
... Hard to define, & definition has changed over the years. Modern definition of Addiction (Jaffe): “a behavioral pattern of drug use, characterized by 1) overwhelming involvement with the use of a drug (compulsive use) 2) the securing of its supply (compulsive drugseeking), & 3) a high tendency to rel ...
theories1
... Figure 2.2 Schematic model of operant conditioning. In (A), the operant behavior alone is not rewarded. In (B), conditioning begins. The operant behavior takes place by chance; it is immediately reinforced. It occurs again, by chance or deliberately, and the reinforcement is repeated. As the timeli ...
... Figure 2.2 Schematic model of operant conditioning. In (A), the operant behavior alone is not rewarded. In (B), conditioning begins. The operant behavior takes place by chance; it is immediately reinforced. It occurs again, by chance or deliberately, and the reinforcement is repeated. As the timeli ...
SBS Objectives 4
... Mental (defense) mechanisms: unconscious mental maneuvers that maintain equanimity and avoid anxiety Ambivalence: feeling positive and negative feelings for something at the same time Internal conflict: opposite tendencies within a structure or between one structure and another ...
... Mental (defense) mechanisms: unconscious mental maneuvers that maintain equanimity and avoid anxiety Ambivalence: feeling positive and negative feelings for something at the same time Internal conflict: opposite tendencies within a structure or between one structure and another ...
Mr. Walter Names: Psychology II Classical conditioning in the media
... agencies work to get you to buy their product time and time again? The answer is often classical conditioning. They want you to implicitly and automatically feel a positive association with their product over all of the other ones, so you will reach for it on the store shelf, even if you don’t have ...
... agencies work to get you to buy their product time and time again? The answer is often classical conditioning. They want you to implicitly and automatically feel a positive association with their product over all of the other ones, so you will reach for it on the store shelf, even if you don’t have ...
1. Most of our time awake is spent in a state called _____, in which
... regress people back to their early childhood experiences 17. Jackie used Esctasy while she was in college, but now that she has a government job she has avoided using any recreational drugs. Although she had no problem quitting, she still finds that every now and then she gets a strong craving to us ...
... regress people back to their early childhood experiences 17. Jackie used Esctasy while she was in college, but now that she has a government job she has avoided using any recreational drugs. Although she had no problem quitting, she still finds that every now and then she gets a strong craving to us ...
Background: Classical fear conditioning is a phenomenon in which
... Background: Classical fear conditioning is a phenomenon in which a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with a naturally aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) leading the CS to evoke a fearful reaction even in absence of the US (Pavlov, 1927). In some cases, this fear of the conditioned danger ...
... Background: Classical fear conditioning is a phenomenon in which a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with a naturally aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) leading the CS to evoke a fearful reaction even in absence of the US (Pavlov, 1927). In some cases, this fear of the conditioned danger ...
第二章 主要理论 Major Perspectives
... • 条件刺激 (Conditioned stimulus /CS) • 条件反射 (Conditioned reflex/ CR) ...
... • 条件刺激 (Conditioned stimulus /CS) • 条件反射 (Conditioned reflex/ CR) ...
第二章 主要理论 Major Perspectives
... • 条件刺激 (Conditioned stimulus /CS) • 条件反射 (Conditioned reflex/ CR) ...
... • 条件刺激 (Conditioned stimulus /CS) • 条件反射 (Conditioned reflex/ CR) ...
Chapter 8 PowerPoint Notes
... Pavlov’s greatest contribution to psychology is isolating elementary behaviors from more complex ones through objective scientific procedures. Watson used classical conditioning procedures to __________________________________________ for a number of organizations, including Maxwell House, making th ...
... Pavlov’s greatest contribution to psychology is isolating elementary behaviors from more complex ones through objective scientific procedures. Watson used classical conditioning procedures to __________________________________________ for a number of organizations, including Maxwell House, making th ...
Test of General Psychology (1) A. Multiple Choice ( 1 point each, 30
... focus on internal states (e.g., fulfillment), whereas behaviorists tend to focus on behaviors that can be directly observed and measured. 2. Why are partial reinforcement schedules more effective than a continuous reinforcement schedule in maintaining a high rate of responding? How does this differe ...
... focus on internal states (e.g., fulfillment), whereas behaviorists tend to focus on behaviors that can be directly observed and measured. 2. Why are partial reinforcement schedules more effective than a continuous reinforcement schedule in maintaining a high rate of responding? How does this differe ...
F3 - Attack Responses in Young Domestic Chicks
... Individual chicks (7-21 days of age) are placed so that they can see a human finger or hand thrusted towards them. In response to the operator’s hand movement the chick may respond by: An avert gaze - the chick does not attend to the stimulus, and receives a zero score; A binocular stare - the c ...
... Individual chicks (7-21 days of age) are placed so that they can see a human finger or hand thrusted towards them. In response to the operator’s hand movement the chick may respond by: An avert gaze - the chick does not attend to the stimulus, and receives a zero score; A binocular stare - the c ...
Illegal Drugs
... • Side Effects: negative physiological or psychological effects resulting from drug use. • Synergistic Effects: When two or more drugs are used in conjunction with each other causing enhanced ...
... • Side Effects: negative physiological or psychological effects resulting from drug use. • Synergistic Effects: When two or more drugs are used in conjunction with each other causing enhanced ...
Classical Conditioning
... E. Factors that Affect Conditioning 1. Contiguity: The closer two stimuli are in space and time, the stronger the association between them. ------------------------------------------------------------------2. “Belongingness”: The “fit” between CS and US 3. Contingency: “Information value.” The high ...
... E. Factors that Affect Conditioning 1. Contiguity: The closer two stimuli are in space and time, the stronger the association between them. ------------------------------------------------------------------2. “Belongingness”: The “fit” between CS and US 3. Contingency: “Information value.” The high ...
Who is the founding father of Psychology?
... A. It has been reinforced on a fixed ratio schedule B. The person or animal thinks the behavior causes a reinforcer when in reality the behavior and the reinforcement are not connected C. It is reinforced on a random ration schedule D. The behavior and the reinforcement come close in proximity to on ...
... A. It has been reinforced on a fixed ratio schedule B. The person or animal thinks the behavior causes a reinforcer when in reality the behavior and the reinforcement are not connected C. It is reinforced on a random ration schedule D. The behavior and the reinforcement come close in proximity to on ...
Conditioned place preference
Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a form of Pavlovian conditioning used to measure the motivational effects of objects or experiences. This paradigm can also be used to measure conditioned place aversion with an identical procedure involving aversive stimuli instead. Both procedures usually involve mice or rats as subjects. This procedure can be used to measure extinction and reinstatement of the conditioned stimulus. Certain drugs are used in this paradigm to measure their reinforcing properties. Two different methods are used to choose the compartments to be conditioned, and these are biased vs. unbiased. The biased method allows the animal to explore the apparatus, and the compartment they least prefer is the one that the drug is administered in and the one they most prefer is the one where the vehicle is injected. This method allows the animal to choose the compartment they get the drug and vehicle in. In comparison, the unbiased method does not allow the animal to choose what compartment they get the drug and vehicle in and instead the researcher chooses the compartments.Humans have also been shown to develop conditioned place preferences; for example, individuals taking therapeutic doses of amphetamine develop a CPP for where they consumed the drug.