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PPT
PPT

... System is deadlocked if there is a set of transactions such that every transaction in the set is waiting for another transaction in the set. Deadlock prevention protocols ensure that the system will never enter into a deadlock state. Some prevention strategies: Require that each transaction locks al ...
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... • Is a single unit of work that consists of one or more operations that are interconnected. This means that each operation in a transaction must execute successfully in order for the transaction to complete. • Is used by an enterprise bean to maintain the accuracy and consistency of the information ...
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...  Design and implement the DBMS modules and interfaces as a software package ...
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... transactional double-entry should include your credit to your banking account as well as debit to your software vendor. Your database becomes a transactional database when your database can be rolled back to rewrite a transaction that was not completed due to a power failure or loss of internet conn ...
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... • In its most basic form, a database is the electronic equivalent of an organized list of information. – Typically, this information has a common subject or purpose, such as the list of employees ...
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... Interleaving actions of different user programs can lead to inconsistency: e.g., check is cleared while account balance is being computed. DBMS ensures such problems don’t arise: users can pretend they are using a single-user system. ...
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... All log related activities (and in fact, all CC related activities such as lock/unlock, dealing with deadlocks etc.) are handled transparently by the DBMS. ...
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... getting 2 different DBMS to work together (standards are emerging to make this easier)  when all DBMS in a distributed database are the same, we call it a homogeneous system as distinct from a heterogeneous system (refer to figures 13-2 and 13-3) ...
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... One of the major problems in distributed systems is deadlock. A deadlock is a state where a set of processes request resources that are held by other processes in the set and none of the process can be completed [14, 15, and 16]. One process can request and acquire resources in any order without kno ...
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Serializability

In concurrency control of databases, transaction processing (transaction management), and various transactional applications (e.g., transactional memory and software transactional memory), both centralized and distributed, a transaction schedule is serializable if its outcome (e.g., the resulting database state) is equal to the outcome of its transactions executed serially, i.e., sequentially without overlapping in time. Transactions are normally executed concurrently (they overlap), since this is the most efficient way. Serializability is the major correctness criterion for concurrent transactions' executions. It is considered the highest level of isolation between transactions, and plays an essential role in concurrency control. As such it is supported in all general purpose database systems. Strong strict two-phase locking (SS2PL) is a popular serializability mechanism utilized in most of the database systems (in various variants) since their early days in the 1970s.Serializability theory provides the formal framework to reason about and analyze serializability and its techniques. Though it is mathematical in nature, its fundamentals are informally (without mathematics notation) introduced below.
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