Cardiology Step 3 Review
... Acute MR caused by rupture of chordae tendinae during MI or Endocarditis. Tx: Emergency Surgery. Chronic MR should be referred for surgery when symptomatic or asymptomatic with EF < 55% or LV end systolic dimension greater than 45 mm. ...
... Acute MR caused by rupture of chordae tendinae during MI or Endocarditis. Tx: Emergency Surgery. Chronic MR should be referred for surgery when symptomatic or asymptomatic with EF < 55% or LV end systolic dimension greater than 45 mm. ...
Common Types of Valvular Heart Disease
... in the second right intercostal space. Sometimes, it may be heard best in the apical area and may be confused with mitral regurgitation (MR) (Gallivardin’s phenomenon). As the severity of stenosis increases, the murmur peaks progressively later in systole (Table 1). The intensity of the murmur is no ...
... in the second right intercostal space. Sometimes, it may be heard best in the apical area and may be confused with mitral regurgitation (MR) (Gallivardin’s phenomenon). As the severity of stenosis increases, the murmur peaks progressively later in systole (Table 1). The intensity of the murmur is no ...
Rheumatic heart disease
... Chronic rheumatic heart disease • In chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD) the inflammatory lesions in the heart undergo organisation and fibrosis. • Recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever cause cumulative damage. • In particular, the valves become scarred and distorted, affecting their functio ...
... Chronic rheumatic heart disease • In chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD) the inflammatory lesions in the heart undergo organisation and fibrosis. • Recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever cause cumulative damage. • In particular, the valves become scarred and distorted, affecting their functio ...
Cardiovascular System
... Anatomy of the heart Coronary arteries Arise just above the aortic valve leaflets The ascending aorta is stretched as the left ventricle pumps blood into it The elasticity of the aorta causes blood to be pumped into the coronary arteries when the aortic valve closes ...
... Anatomy of the heart Coronary arteries Arise just above the aortic valve leaflets The ascending aorta is stretched as the left ventricle pumps blood into it The elasticity of the aorta causes blood to be pumped into the coronary arteries when the aortic valve closes ...
Heart Beat and Blood Pressure
... When the ventricle fills with blood. • Atria contract while ventricles relax. • Normal cardiac cycles (at rest) take 0.8 seconds. ...
... When the ventricle fills with blood. • Atria contract while ventricles relax. • Normal cardiac cycles (at rest) take 0.8 seconds. ...
Ch 21: Cardiovascular System - The Heart -
... circulation. • Valves permit the passage of blood in one direction and prevent its backflow. ...
... circulation. • Valves permit the passage of blood in one direction and prevent its backflow. ...
102 CC~~[Q)~(Q)~~~CClUJ[l~~ ~W~U~ffi:JD
... Color titles A through F and the related structures. Use colors that do not obscure the detail of the heart cavities. The human heart is an organ with four chambers whose walls are formed of cardiac muscle cells and supporting fibrous tissue. The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood f ...
... Color titles A through F and the related structures. Use colors that do not obscure the detail of the heart cavities. The human heart is an organ with four chambers whose walls are formed of cardiac muscle cells and supporting fibrous tissue. The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood f ...
Circulatory System
... b. lymph nodes- filter lymph, trapping foreign particles, microorganisms, and tissue debris c. lymph nodes also store white blood cells (lymphocytes) that fight disease. ...
... b. lymph nodes- filter lymph, trapping foreign particles, microorganisms, and tissue debris c. lymph nodes also store white blood cells (lymphocytes) that fight disease. ...
heart sounds s2
... Wide splitting of s2 Causes of audible expiratory splitting of s2 I. Increased Q - P2 (Prolonged RV systole) (a) Hemodynamic causes • PS with intact septum ( A2-P2 delay > 100msec indicates an RV-PA gdt of 100mmHg when there is no infundibular stenosis ) • Massive Pulmonary embolism • PAH with RV f ...
... Wide splitting of s2 Causes of audible expiratory splitting of s2 I. Increased Q - P2 (Prolonged RV systole) (a) Hemodynamic causes • PS with intact septum ( A2-P2 delay > 100msec indicates an RV-PA gdt of 100mmHg when there is no infundibular stenosis ) • Massive Pulmonary embolism • PAH with RV f ...
Heart and Heart Diseases
... • can't beat enough blood to meet the needs of the body • Right heart or the left heart failure • Symptoms or signs: breathlessness due to pulmonary congestion, pulmonary edema), swelling (edema) of the feet, decrease exercise tolerance, enlarged liver, cardiac murmurs ...
... • can't beat enough blood to meet the needs of the body • Right heart or the left heart failure • Symptoms or signs: breathlessness due to pulmonary congestion, pulmonary edema), swelling (edema) of the feet, decrease exercise tolerance, enlarged liver, cardiac murmurs ...
Cardiovascular Physiology Today
... Impulse from SA node is blocked before it enters atria Latent pacemakers pick up authority No/small p-waves clue: Atrial fibrillation ...
... Impulse from SA node is blocked before it enters atria Latent pacemakers pick up authority No/small p-waves clue: Atrial fibrillation ...
Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
... contraction of the left ventricle sends blood rich in oxygen all over the body. There are three arteries that bring blood to the head, neck, and upper extremities. There is one major vessel that brings blood to the abdomen and lower extremities. ► Arteries are the large vessels that bring blood away ...
... contraction of the left ventricle sends blood rich in oxygen all over the body. There are three arteries that bring blood to the head, neck, and upper extremities. There is one major vessel that brings blood to the abdomen and lower extremities. ► Arteries are the large vessels that bring blood away ...
1439573491-2 Heart anatomy
... low pressure system requiring less energy output by ventricle Systemic circulation supplied by left ventricle is a higher pressure system and thus requires more forceful contractions ...
... low pressure system requiring less energy output by ventricle Systemic circulation supplied by left ventricle is a higher pressure system and thus requires more forceful contractions ...
contact line
... Chronic rheumatic heart disease • In chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD) the inflammatory lesions in the heart undergo organisation and fibrosis. • Recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever cause cumulative damage. • In particular, the valves become scarred and distorted, affecting their function. • ...
... Chronic rheumatic heart disease • In chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD) the inflammatory lesions in the heart undergo organisation and fibrosis. • Recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever cause cumulative damage. • In particular, the valves become scarred and distorted, affecting their function. • ...
here are mcqs from c - lgh
... ttt) a history of rheumatic fever or chorea is elicited in over 90% of patients uuu) left atrial enlargement cannot be detected on the chest X-ray vvv) the risk of systemic emboli is trivial in sinus rhythm www) mitral balloon valvuloplasty is not advisable if there is also significant mitral regurg ...
... ttt) a history of rheumatic fever or chorea is elicited in over 90% of patients uuu) left atrial enlargement cannot be detected on the chest X-ray vvv) the risk of systemic emboli is trivial in sinus rhythm www) mitral balloon valvuloplasty is not advisable if there is also significant mitral regurg ...
2-heart sounds2016-02-28 01:214.4 MB
... • It is caused by the forceful contraction of atria. • It occurs just before the first heart sound during late diastole in relation to cardiac cycle. • Frequency: < 20 Htz ...
... • It is caused by the forceful contraction of atria. • It occurs just before the first heart sound during late diastole in relation to cardiac cycle. • Frequency: < 20 Htz ...
Electrocardiogram
... • Bundle of His • Located in the interventricular septum • Branches of the bundle of His carry electrical impulses to right and left ventricles and the Purkinje fibers ...
... • Bundle of His • Located in the interventricular septum • Branches of the bundle of His carry electrical impulses to right and left ventricles and the Purkinje fibers ...
Cardiac circulation
... heart beats more than 2.5 billion times • An adult woman’s heart weighs about 8 ounces, a man’s about 10 ounces • A child’s heart is about the size of a clenched fist; an adult’s heart is about the size of two fists. • Blood is about 78 percent water. • Blood takes about 20 seconds to circulate thro ...
... heart beats more than 2.5 billion times • An adult woman’s heart weighs about 8 ounces, a man’s about 10 ounces • A child’s heart is about the size of a clenched fist; an adult’s heart is about the size of two fists. • Blood is about 78 percent water. • Blood takes about 20 seconds to circulate thro ...
Circulatory System: Web Quest Activity
... throughout the body. Oxygenated blood coming back to the heart from lungs enters the heart into a different atrium than the de-oxygenated blood does coming from the body capillaries. The oxygenated blood leaves through the aorta and travels to the body capillaries and the deoxygenated blood (CO2) le ...
... throughout the body. Oxygenated blood coming back to the heart from lungs enters the heart into a different atrium than the de-oxygenated blood does coming from the body capillaries. The oxygenated blood leaves through the aorta and travels to the body capillaries and the deoxygenated blood (CO2) le ...
Heart Dissection 2016-2017 Yap
... the apex until you reach the septum . Push open the heart at this cut with your fingers & rinse out any dried blood with water. Your heart should now be completely divided in half. 14. Inside the left chambers look for the valve that controls blood flow between the upper left atrium and lower left v ...
... the apex until you reach the septum . Push open the heart at this cut with your fingers & rinse out any dried blood with water. Your heart should now be completely divided in half. 14. Inside the left chambers look for the valve that controls blood flow between the upper left atrium and lower left v ...
Lutembacher's syndrome
Lutembacher's syndrome is a form of congenital heart disease. Lutembacher's syndrome was first described by a French cardiologist by the name of Rene' Lutembacher (1884–1968) of Paris, France in 1916. Lutembacher syndrome is a rare disease that affects one of the chambers of the heart as well as a valve of the heart. Lutembacher's syndrome is known to affect females more often than males. Lutembacher is an extremely rare disease. Lutembacher's can affect children or adults; the person can either be born with the disorder or develop it later in life.Lutembacher affects more specifically the atria of the heart and the mitral or biscupid valve. The disorder itself is known more specifically as both congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) and acquired mitral stenosis (MS). Congenital (at birth) atrial septal defect refers to a hole being in the septum or wall that separates the two atria; this condition is usually seen in fetuses and infants. Mitral stenosis refers to mitral valve leaflets (or valve flaps) sticking to each other making the opening for blood to pass from the atrium to the ventricles very small. With the valve being so small, blood has difficulty passing through the left atrium into the left ventricle. There are several types of septal defects that may occur with Lutembacher's syndrome: ASD Ostium Secundum or ASD (Primium); Ostium Secundum is the most prevalent.Lutembacher is caused indirectly as the result of heart damage or disorders and not something that is necessarily infectious. Lutembacher's syndrome is caused by either birth defects where the heart fails to close all holes in the walls between the atria or from an episode of rheumatic fever where damage is done to the heart valves such as the mitral valve and resultant in an opening of heart wall between atria. With Lutembacher's syndrome, a fetus or infant is usually seen to have a hole in their heart wall (interatrial) separating their right and left atria. Normally during fetal development, blood bypasses the lungs and is oxygenated from the placenta. Blood passes from the umbilical cord and flows into the left atrium through an opening called the foramen ovale; the formaen ovale is a hole between the two atria. Once a baby is born and the lungs begin to fill with air and the blood flow of the heart changes, a tissue flap (somewhat like a trap door) called the septum primium closes the foramen ovale or hole between the two atria and becomes part of the atrial wall. The failure of the hole between the two atria to close after birth leads to a disorder called ASD primium. The most common problems with an opening found in the heart with Lutembacher's syndrome is Ostium Secundum. Ostium Secundum is a hole that is found within the flap of tissue (septum primium) that will eventually close the hole between the two atria after birth. With either type of ASD, ASD will usually cause the blood flow from the right atrium to skip going to the right ventricle and instead flow to the left atrium. If mitral stenosis (the hardening of flap of tissue known as a valve which opens and closes between the left atrium and ventricle to control blood flow) is also present, blood will flow into the right atrium through the hole between the atria wall instead of flowing into the left ventricle and systemic circulation. Eventually this leads to other problems such as the right ventricle failing and a reduced blood flow to the left ventricle.In addition to the ASD, acquired MS can be present either from an episode of rheumatic fever (the mother has or had rheumatic fever during the pregnancy) or the child being born with the disorder (congenital MS). With the combination of both ASD and MS, the heart can be under severe strain as it tries to move blood throughout the heart and lungs. To correct Lutembacher's syndrome, surgery is often done. There are several types of surgeries depending on the cause of Lutembacher's syndrome(ASD Primium or ASD Ostium Secundum with Mitral Stenosis): Suturing (stitching) or placing a patch of tissue (similar to skin grafting) over the hole to completely close the opening Reconstructing of the mitral and tricuspid valve while patching any holes in the heart Device closure of ASD (e.g. Amplatzer umbrella or CardioSEAL to seal the hole Percutaneous transcatheter therapy Transcatheter therapy of balloon valvuloplasty to correct MS↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 ↑ ↑ ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 ↑