Differential Enzyme Targeting As an Evolutionary Adaptation to
... The single-copy AGT gene has the potential to encode a cleavable N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) and a C-terminal type 1 peroxisomal targeting sequence (PTS1) by the variable use of two transcription and two translation initiation sites (see figure 3A) (Oda, Funai, and Ichiyama 199 ...
... The single-copy AGT gene has the potential to encode a cleavable N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) and a C-terminal type 1 peroxisomal targeting sequence (PTS1) by the variable use of two transcription and two translation initiation sites (see figure 3A) (Oda, Funai, and Ichiyama 199 ...
Sideroblastic Anemias Disorder Subdivisions Idiopathic Sideroblastic Anemia
... altered copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. In females (who have two X chromosomes), a mutation usually must be present in both copies of the gene to cause the disorder. Males are affected by X-linked recessive disorders much more frequently than females. Some female ...
... altered copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. In females (who have two X chromosomes), a mutation usually must be present in both copies of the gene to cause the disorder. Males are affected by X-linked recessive disorders much more frequently than females. Some female ...
Probable presence of an ubiquitous cryptic mitochondrial gene on
... Background: Mitochondria mediate most of the energy production that occurs in the majority of eukaryotic organisms. These subcellular organelles contain a genome that differs from the nuclear genome and is referred to as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Despite a disparity in gene content, all mtDNAs enco ...
... Background: Mitochondria mediate most of the energy production that occurs in the majority of eukaryotic organisms. These subcellular organelles contain a genome that differs from the nuclear genome and is referred to as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Despite a disparity in gene content, all mtDNAs enco ...
Polymorphisms in Multiple Genes Contribute to the
... in a number of spontaneous petite mutants suggests that most such rho genomes are a head-to-tail tandem repetition of a segment of the rho1 mtDNA (FaugeronFonty et al. 1979). The DNA sequence of the repeated segment in spontaneous petite mutants suggests that the repeat may originate from rho1 mtDN ...
... in a number of spontaneous petite mutants suggests that most such rho genomes are a head-to-tail tandem repetition of a segment of the rho1 mtDNA (FaugeronFonty et al. 1979). The DNA sequence of the repeated segment in spontaneous petite mutants suggests that the repeat may originate from rho1 mtDN ...
Characterization of chaperonin 10 (Cpn10)
... Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebiasis, a poverty-related disease that kills an estimated 100 000 people each year. E. histolytica does not contain ‘standard mitochondria’, but harbours mitochondrial remnant organelles called mitosomes. These organelles are characterized by the p ...
... Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebiasis, a poverty-related disease that kills an estimated 100 000 people each year. E. histolytica does not contain ‘standard mitochondria’, but harbours mitochondrial remnant organelles called mitosomes. These organelles are characterized by the p ...
Evolution, structure and function of mitochondrial carriers: a
... to the same protein family which was named MCF. In the genomic era, many proteins of unknown function with the characteristic sequence features of the MCF have emerged from genome sequencing of various organisms. The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes 35 MCs (Palmieri et al., 1996), that of ...
... to the same protein family which was named MCF. In the genomic era, many proteins of unknown function with the characteristic sequence features of the MCF have emerged from genome sequencing of various organisms. The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes 35 MCs (Palmieri et al., 1996), that of ...
The Use of Cytochrome B Sequence Variation in Estimation of
... VZREOPHYLOGENY FROM CYT-B SEQUENCE able in the programs. In each analysis, 1,000 bootstrap data bases were created from which trees were constructed. A consensustree of the bootstrap trees was made with the program Consensus, which constructed a majority rule tree. This program producesa consensust ...
... VZREOPHYLOGENY FROM CYT-B SEQUENCE able in the programs. In each analysis, 1,000 bootstrap data bases were created from which trees were constructed. A consensustree of the bootstrap trees was made with the program Consensus, which constructed a majority rule tree. This program producesa consensust ...
Biophysics_lecture(17Nov06)
... Dual genetic origin (5 to 9 subunits encoded in the mitochondrial genome ...
... Dual genetic origin (5 to 9 subunits encoded in the mitochondrial genome ...
The Mitochondrial Genome of Chara vulgaris
... Chara vulgaris (Charophyceae), a green alga belonging to the charophycean order (Charales) that is thought to be the most closely related alga to land plants. This 67,737-bp mtDNA sequence, displaying 68 conserved genes and 27 introns, was compared with those of three angiosperms, the bryophyte Marc ...
... Chara vulgaris (Charophyceae), a green alga belonging to the charophycean order (Charales) that is thought to be the most closely related alga to land plants. This 67,737-bp mtDNA sequence, displaying 68 conserved genes and 27 introns, was compared with those of three angiosperms, the bryophyte Marc ...
Human mitochondrial transfer RNAs: Role of pathogenic
... MtDNA alterations can be divided into three classes: pathogenic, adaptive (advantageous in certain environments), and neutral (accumulated by chance). ...
... MtDNA alterations can be divided into three classes: pathogenic, adaptive (advantageous in certain environments), and neutral (accumulated by chance). ...
Genetics of human male infertility
... only marginally to the totality of human male infertility, but when present, the introduction of ICSI as an artificial reproduction technique may allow for the transmission of such mutations to the next generation.(6) (b) Mitochondrial DNA mutations Apart from some nuclear genes, mitochondria have ...
... only marginally to the totality of human male infertility, but when present, the introduction of ICSI as an artificial reproduction technique may allow for the transmission of such mutations to the next generation.(6) (b) Mitochondrial DNA mutations Apart from some nuclear genes, mitochondria have ...
PPR2263, a DYW-Subgroup Pentatricopeptide
... addition to numerous experimental localizations in plastids and mitochondria, nuclear (Ding et al., 2006) or dual localization to mitochondria and nuclei (Hammani et al., 2011) has been demonstrated experimentally. Whereas PPR proteins have been implicated in a wide range of biological processes, in ...
... addition to numerous experimental localizations in plastids and mitochondria, nuclear (Ding et al., 2006) or dual localization to mitochondria and nuclei (Hammani et al., 2011) has been demonstrated experimentally. Whereas PPR proteins have been implicated in a wide range of biological processes, in ...
Mitochondrial Transcript Processing and Restoration of Male Fertility
... Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited inability to produce viable pollen. The CMS trait is useful in the production of hybrid seed because it greatly reduces the cost of hand emasculation. CMS systems are found in more than 150 plant species and are often attributed to chimeric ...
... Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited inability to produce viable pollen. The CMS trait is useful in the production of hybrid seed because it greatly reduces the cost of hand emasculation. CMS systems are found in more than 150 plant species and are often attributed to chimeric ...
Assembly factors as a new class of disease
... translated by the mitochondrial ribosome (MitoRibo). Disturbances in the assembly and/or stability of the complex can result in reduced conversion of NADH to NAD + , reduced proton translocation, increased release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and can ultimately lead to reduced ATP production an ...
... translated by the mitochondrial ribosome (MitoRibo). Disturbances in the assembly and/or stability of the complex can result in reduced conversion of NADH to NAD + , reduced proton translocation, increased release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and can ultimately lead to reduced ATP production an ...
Causes of Non-Mendelian phenotypes
... trinucleotide repeats that lie within the affected gene. The number of repeats increases in each successive generation. Expansion of the DNA repeats (probably by slipped mispairing) has been shown to cause anticipation in Fragile X syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia (but not in spi ...
... trinucleotide repeats that lie within the affected gene. The number of repeats increases in each successive generation. Expansion of the DNA repeats (probably by slipped mispairing) has been shown to cause anticipation in Fragile X syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia (but not in spi ...
Q1: Human origins expert Chris Stringer says that there are still
... Q54: All living men today can trace their Y chromosome back to a single man. Does this mean this one man was the only man around at that time? Why or why not? Hint: Video: Gene Genealogy > The Y chromosome > The Y chromosome and ancestry ...
... Q54: All living men today can trace their Y chromosome back to a single man. Does this mean this one man was the only man around at that time? Why or why not? Hint: Video: Gene Genealogy > The Y chromosome > The Y chromosome and ancestry ...
A natural chimeric yeast containing genetic material from three species
... sequences of Saccharomyces sp. CID1 and Saccharomyces sp. IFO 1802 were identical. Also, the ATP9 sequences from S. pastorianus and S. bayanus were identical, while the sequences of other Saccharomyces species were different (Fig. 2). The data on the coding regions of the ATP8 and ATP9 genes suggest ...
... sequences of Saccharomyces sp. CID1 and Saccharomyces sp. IFO 1802 were identical. Also, the ATP9 sequences from S. pastorianus and S. bayanus were identical, while the sequences of other Saccharomyces species were different (Fig. 2). The data on the coding regions of the ATP8 and ATP9 genes suggest ...
Document
... Q62: When scientists compare phylogenic trees created using mtDNA data to trees created using Ychromosome data, they find that the trees differ. How do scientists account for these differences, and what does it tell us about the movement of early human beings? Hint: Video: Gene Genealogy > Tracing a ...
... Q62: When scientists compare phylogenic trees created using mtDNA data to trees created using Ychromosome data, they find that the trees differ. How do scientists account for these differences, and what does it tell us about the movement of early human beings? Hint: Video: Gene Genealogy > Tracing a ...
Molecular Archeology of Ancient Bone From 400 Year Old
... able to minimize or eliminate modern DNA in the sample. There is no amplification product found in the negative control (Figure 1a). Methods to minimize contamination performed in this study included the use of a dedicated laboratory chamber. In addition, reagents and equipments for preparation of a ...
... able to minimize or eliminate modern DNA in the sample. There is no amplification product found in the negative control (Figure 1a). Methods to minimize contamination performed in this study included the use of a dedicated laboratory chamber. In addition, reagents and equipments for preparation of a ...
Ubiquitin-Like Protein 5 Positively Regulates Chaperone Gene
... these chaperones constitute a protein-handling machinery that plays an essential role in mitochondrial biogenesis and maintenance. Loss-of-function mutations in mitochondrial chaperones and other components of the aforementioned machinery are associated with a variety of mainly neurological diseases ...
... these chaperones constitute a protein-handling machinery that plays an essential role in mitochondrial biogenesis and maintenance. Loss-of-function mutations in mitochondrial chaperones and other components of the aforementioned machinery are associated with a variety of mainly neurological diseases ...
Interactions of Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes
... Apart from their agronomic importance in hybrid seed production, mutations that encode cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) provide a means to probe the role of the mitochondrion in reproductive development. Fertility restorers are examples of nuclear genes that affect cytoplasmic gene expression, and t ...
... Apart from their agronomic importance in hybrid seed production, mutations that encode cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) provide a means to probe the role of the mitochondrion in reproductive development. Fertility restorers are examples of nuclear genes that affect cytoplasmic gene expression, and t ...
A natural chimeric yeast containing genetic material from three species
... sequences of Saccharomyces sp. CID 1 and Saccharomyces sp. I F 0 1802 were identical. Also, the ATP9 sequences from S. pastorianus and S. bayanus were identical, while the sequences of other Saccharomyces species were different (Fig. 2). The data on the coding regions of the A TP8 and A TP9 genes su ...
... sequences of Saccharomyces sp. CID 1 and Saccharomyces sp. I F 0 1802 were identical. Also, the ATP9 sequences from S. pastorianus and S. bayanus were identical, while the sequences of other Saccharomyces species were different (Fig. 2). The data on the coding regions of the A TP8 and A TP9 genes su ...
The Amino Terminus of the Yeast F1-ATPase B
... a novel respiration-defective phenotype to yeast cells. ...
... a novel respiration-defective phenotype to yeast cells. ...
The Amino Terminus of the Yeast F1-ATPase {j
... is Department of Biochemistry,Yamagata University School of Medicine, Zao-lida, Yamagata, Japan 990-23. ...
... is Department of Biochemistry,Yamagata University School of Medicine, Zao-lida, Yamagata, Japan 990-23. ...
CHARACTERlZATION OF THE ~ 0 CHONDRIA . L DNA MOLECULE
... INTRODUCTION Mitochondria play a centrai role in energy metabolism by generating ATP in the cell throuph oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is a cornplex biochemical mechanism that involves the conversion of potential energy from electron gradients into chernical energy. Each mito ...
... INTRODUCTION Mitochondria play a centrai role in energy metabolism by generating ATP in the cell throuph oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is a cornplex biochemical mechanism that involves the conversion of potential energy from electron gradients into chernical energy. Each mito ...
Human mitochondrial genetics
Human mitochondrial genetics is the study of the genetics of human mitochondrial DNA (the DNA contained in human mitochondria). The human mitochondrial genome is the entirety of hereditary information contained in human mitochondria. Mitochondria are small structures in cells that generate energy for the cell to use, and are hence referred to as the ""powerhouses"" of the cell.Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is not transmitted through nuclear DNA (nDNA). In humans, as in most multicellular organisms, mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother's ovum. There are theories, however, that paternal mtDNA transmission in humans can occur under certain circumstances.Mitochondrial inheritance is therefore non-Mendelian, as Mendelian inheritance presumes that half the genetic material of a fertilized egg (zygote) derives from each parent.Eighty percent of mitochondrial DNA codes for mitochondrial RNA, and therefore most mitochondrial DNA mutations lead to functional problems, which may be manifested as muscle disorders (myopathies).Because they provide 30 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule in contrast to the 2 ATP molecules produced by glycolysis, mitochondria are essential to all higher organisms for sustaining life. The mitochondrial diseases are genetic disorders carried in mitochondrial DNA, or nuclear DNA coding for mitochondrial components. Slight problems with any one of the numerous enzymes used by the mitochondria can be devastating to the cell, and in turn, to the organism.