Partial Sequence Analysis of the 5S to 18S rRNA Gene Region of
... plant mitochondria, rRNA genes are larger and a 5S RNA is found in mitochondrial ribosomes (6, 15). The 5S and 18S rRNA genes in plant mtDNA are closely linked (3, 10, 12), but both are separate from the 26S rRNA gene (24). In maize, the 26S rRNA gene is separated from the 18S and 5S by 16,000 base ...
... plant mitochondria, rRNA genes are larger and a 5S RNA is found in mitochondrial ribosomes (6, 15). The 5S and 18S rRNA genes in plant mtDNA are closely linked (3, 10, 12), but both are separate from the 26S rRNA gene (24). In maize, the 26S rRNA gene is separated from the 18S and 5S by 16,000 base ...
Genetic characterization of the mitochondrial DNA - (BORA)
... and ND6), cytochrome c oxidase subunits I – III (COI, COII and COIII), two rRNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) and 22 tRNAs. Two copies of tRNA-Lys are present in the mtDNA of L. salmonis, while tRNA-Cys was not identified. Both DNA strands contain coding regions in the salmon louse, in contrast to t ...
... and ND6), cytochrome c oxidase subunits I – III (COI, COII and COIII), two rRNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) and 22 tRNAs. Two copies of tRNA-Lys are present in the mtDNA of L. salmonis, while tRNA-Cys was not identified. Both DNA strands contain coding regions in the salmon louse, in contrast to t ...
MALE STERILITY - public.iastate.edu
... the maize anther; an increase that has not been observed in other cell types. 2. Mitochondrial mutants like T-urf13 could interfere with mitochondrial replication, electron transport, or phosphorylation specifically in the tapetum. 3. URF13 is expressed in all cells (hence the susceptibilty to metho ...
... the maize anther; an increase that has not been observed in other cell types. 2. Mitochondrial mutants like T-urf13 could interfere with mitochondrial replication, electron transport, or phosphorylation specifically in the tapetum. 3. URF13 is expressed in all cells (hence the susceptibilty to metho ...
Base composition, speciation, and why the mitochondrial
... uniform difference of GC content in individual molecules. In other words, assuming that strains of Tetrahymena have a common phylogenetic origin, when the GC content of DNA of a particular strain changes, all the molecules undergo increases or decreases of GC pairs in similar amounts. This result is ...
... uniform difference of GC content in individual molecules. In other words, assuming that strains of Tetrahymena have a common phylogenetic origin, when the GC content of DNA of a particular strain changes, all the molecules undergo increases or decreases of GC pairs in similar amounts. This result is ...
Evidence for Variable Selective Pressures at a
... The increasing amount of available sequences revealed a similar control region structural organization across mammals, with size variation ranging between 880 and 1400 bp (Sbisa et al. 1997). One important issue relating to these observations is thus to identify which structural and/or functional do ...
... The increasing amount of available sequences revealed a similar control region structural organization across mammals, with size variation ranging between 880 and 1400 bp (Sbisa et al. 1997). One important issue relating to these observations is thus to identify which structural and/or functional do ...
Evolution of mating types driven by purifying selection
... develop the ability to recognize a universal mitochondrial marker protein, at the same time protecting its own organelles from degradation, e.g. by ceasing the expression of the marker in its own mitochondria (allele Um, Fig. 1b). I term this mechanism the “maternal” mode of UPI, and the gamete dest ...
... develop the ability to recognize a universal mitochondrial marker protein, at the same time protecting its own organelles from degradation, e.g. by ceasing the expression of the marker in its own mitochondria (allele Um, Fig. 1b). I term this mechanism the “maternal” mode of UPI, and the gamete dest ...
Participation of the proteasomal lid subunit Rpn11 in mitochondrial
... obtained from EUROSCARF (European Saccharomyces cerevisiae Archive for Functional Analysis; Institut für Mikrobiologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany), and was used to generate haploid strains to study complementation of rpn11 null. In brief, the diploid strain was ...
... obtained from EUROSCARF (European Saccharomyces cerevisiae Archive for Functional Analysis; Institut für Mikrobiologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany), and was used to generate haploid strains to study complementation of rpn11 null. In brief, the diploid strain was ...
Mitochondrial DNA - Circle
... This extranuclear DNA exhibits non-Mendalian inheritance Recombination is known between some mt and ctDNAs Extranuclear DNA may also be called cytoplasmic DNA Generally mtDNA and ctDNA is circular and contains genes for multimeric proteins some portion of which are also coded for in the nucleus Extr ...
... This extranuclear DNA exhibits non-Mendalian inheritance Recombination is known between some mt and ctDNAs Extranuclear DNA may also be called cytoplasmic DNA Generally mtDNA and ctDNA is circular and contains genes for multimeric proteins some portion of which are also coded for in the nucleus Extr ...
Foundations of Biology - Geoscience Research Institute
... Origin of Archaezoa The authors who reported the presence of mitochondrial genes in amitochondrial eukaryotes all reinterpreted prevailing theory in saying that mitochondria must have been present then lost after they had transferred some of their genetic information to the nucleus. The hydrogenoso ...
... Origin of Archaezoa The authors who reported the presence of mitochondrial genes in amitochondrial eukaryotes all reinterpreted prevailing theory in saying that mitochondria must have been present then lost after they had transferred some of their genetic information to the nucleus. The hydrogenoso ...
PINK1- and Parkin- mediated mitophagy at a glance
... deletions in mitochondrial DNA (Bender et al., 2006; Kraytsberg et al., 2006) have also been identified in subtantia nigral neurons of PD patients. Although it is still not known why dopaminergic neurons appear to be more susceptible to mitochondrial damage than other tissues, one indication is that ...
... deletions in mitochondrial DNA (Bender et al., 2006; Kraytsberg et al., 2006) have also been identified in subtantia nigral neurons of PD patients. Although it is still not known why dopaminergic neurons appear to be more susceptible to mitochondrial damage than other tissues, one indication is that ...
Genes for Two Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins in
... was inferred to have been lost from the mitochondrial genome 30 times among the surveyed angiosperm DNAs (Adams et al., 2002). Most of the losses (24) are in the rosids (one of the major groups of eudicots). These losses encompass 32 of the 69 examined genera of core rosids, including Gossypium, Gly ...
... was inferred to have been lost from the mitochondrial genome 30 times among the surveyed angiosperm DNAs (Adams et al., 2002). Most of the losses (24) are in the rosids (one of the major groups of eudicots). These losses encompass 32 of the 69 examined genera of core rosids, including Gossypium, Gly ...
The mitochondrial genome of the soybean cyst nematode
... have comparable levels. By comparison, enoplean nematodes tend to have slightly lower T-contents, with a range of 27% (Trichinella spiralis) to 44% (Agamermis sp.). A comparison with other pseudocoelomates (from the phyla Acanthocephala and Rotifera) indicates that they also have elevated Tcontents ...
... have comparable levels. By comparison, enoplean nematodes tend to have slightly lower T-contents, with a range of 27% (Trichinella spiralis) to 44% (Agamermis sp.). A comparison with other pseudocoelomates (from the phyla Acanthocephala and Rotifera) indicates that they also have elevated Tcontents ...
Complete mitochondrial genome of a natural triploid
... Vertebrate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is generally a small double-stranded circular genome ranging in size from approximately 16 to 18 kb with no introns. A typical mitogenome contains a coding region with 37 genes: 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 13 protein-coding g ...
... Vertebrate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is generally a small double-stranded circular genome ranging in size from approximately 16 to 18 kb with no introns. A typical mitogenome contains a coding region with 37 genes: 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 13 protein-coding g ...
Mitochondrial genes in the colourless alga Prototheca wickerhamii
... introns in various strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but none in the common laboratory strain of Neurospora crassa (5, 6, 7, 8). So far, only few introns have been detected in mitochondria from angiosperms and gymnosperms and all belong to group n (9, 10, 11). However, numerous group I ...
... introns in various strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but none in the common laboratory strain of Neurospora crassa (5, 6, 7, 8). So far, only few introns have been detected in mitochondria from angiosperms and gymnosperms and all belong to group n (9, 10, 11). However, numerous group I ...
The mitochondrial uncoupling proteins | Genome Biology | Full Text
... that mediate a regulated discharge of the proton gradient that is generated by the respiratory chain. This energy-dissipatory mechanism can serve functions such as thermogenesis, maintenance of the redox balance, or reduction in the production of reactive oxygen species. Some UCP homologs may not ac ...
... that mediate a regulated discharge of the proton gradient that is generated by the respiratory chain. This energy-dissipatory mechanism can serve functions such as thermogenesis, maintenance of the redox balance, or reduction in the production of reactive oxygen species. Some UCP homologs may not ac ...
Mitochondrial diseases and the role of the yeast models
... et al., 2005). Furthermore, in vivo studies in yeast have shown that the mutation E1143G is not a neutral SNP (Baruffini et al., 2007), but rather acts as a cis-modulator of Mip1 activity, in agreement with the observation that in vitro E1143G was somewhat detrimental to protein stability (Chan et a ...
... et al., 2005). Furthermore, in vivo studies in yeast have shown that the mutation E1143G is not a neutral SNP (Baruffini et al., 2007), but rather acts as a cis-modulator of Mip1 activity, in agreement with the observation that in vitro E1143G was somewhat detrimental to protein stability (Chan et a ...
Kuijper et al JEB
... cytoplasm, we use a two-fold approach. First, we incorporate leakage in the population genetics model of Frank & Hurst (1996). This model implicitly assumes a rather simplistic form of mitochondrial inheritance, where all cytoplasmically linked alleles within an individual are identical. By contrast ...
... cytoplasm, we use a two-fold approach. First, we incorporate leakage in the population genetics model of Frank & Hurst (1996). This model implicitly assumes a rather simplistic form of mitochondrial inheritance, where all cytoplasmically linked alleles within an individual are identical. By contrast ...
a role for mitochondrial enzymes in inherited neoplasia and beyond
... have lost the remaining wild-type allele 8,15,21–23. Further research is required to determine how loss of the wild-type allele occurs. The observation that germline mutations in genes that encode mitochondrial enzymes are associated with inherited cancer syndromes is relatively recent. In addition, ...
... have lost the remaining wild-type allele 8,15,21–23. Further research is required to determine how loss of the wild-type allele occurs. The observation that germline mutations in genes that encode mitochondrial enzymes are associated with inherited cancer syndromes is relatively recent. In addition, ...
1. Project summary
... cellular activities. Members of this superfamily of ATPases exert chaperon-like activities and mediate assembly and disassembly of macromolecular structures involved in different cellular processes. Paraplegin resembled a family of mitochondrial metalloproteases well-characterised in yeast and was s ...
... cellular activities. Members of this superfamily of ATPases exert chaperon-like activities and mediate assembly and disassembly of macromolecular structures involved in different cellular processes. Paraplegin resembled a family of mitochondrial metalloproteases well-characterised in yeast and was s ...
Identification of a mutation in LARS as a novel cause of infantile
... A parametric two-point LOD score was calculated for the LARS c.245A>G and c.1118A>G variants using Merlin (http://www.sph. umich.edu/csg/abecasis/Merlin/tour/linkage.html) assuming a recessive model with full penetrance and a disease allele frequency of 0.0001. The predicted impact and cross-species ...
... A parametric two-point LOD score was calculated for the LARS c.245A>G and c.1118A>G variants using Merlin (http://www.sph. umich.edu/csg/abecasis/Merlin/tour/linkage.html) assuming a recessive model with full penetrance and a disease allele frequency of 0.0001. The predicted impact and cross-species ...
Foundations of Biology
... This extranuclear DNA exhibits non-Mendalian inheritance Recombination is known between some mt and ctDNAs Extranuclear DNA may also be called cytoplasmic DNA Generally mtDNA and ctDNA is circular and contains genes for multimeric proteins some portion of which are also coded for in the nucleus Extr ...
... This extranuclear DNA exhibits non-Mendalian inheritance Recombination is known between some mt and ctDNAs Extranuclear DNA may also be called cytoplasmic DNA Generally mtDNA and ctDNA is circular and contains genes for multimeric proteins some portion of which are also coded for in the nucleus Extr ...
Foundations of Biology - Geoscience Research Institute
... Origin of Archaezoa The authors who reported the presence of mitochondrial genes in amitochondrial eukaryotes all reinterpreted prevailing theory in saying that mitochondria must have been present then lost after they had transferred some of their genetic information to the nucleus. The hydrogenoso ...
... Origin of Archaezoa The authors who reported the presence of mitochondrial genes in amitochondrial eukaryotes all reinterpreted prevailing theory in saying that mitochondria must have been present then lost after they had transferred some of their genetic information to the nucleus. The hydrogenoso ...
CHAPTER e18 Mitochondrial DNA and Heritable Traits and Diseases
... correction, leading to a greater degree of sequence variation compared with the nuclear genome. This fidelity limitation is due to the presence of one replicase, polymerase γ, which is solely responsible for both DNA replication and repair in mitochondria. Some of these sequence variants are silent ...
... correction, leading to a greater degree of sequence variation compared with the nuclear genome. This fidelity limitation is due to the presence of one replicase, polymerase γ, which is solely responsible for both DNA replication and repair in mitochondria. Some of these sequence variants are silent ...
Near Neutrality, Rate Heterogeneity, and Linkage Govern
... 1999), bouts of adaptive evolution (McVean 2001), or mutational hot spots (Galtier et al. 2006). Nonetheless, the necessary enzymes for recombination are present in the mitochondria, and a few paternal mitochondria do penetrate the egg during fertilization (Thygarajan et al. 1996). Recombination is ...
... 1999), bouts of adaptive evolution (McVean 2001), or mutational hot spots (Galtier et al. 2006). Nonetheless, the necessary enzymes for recombination are present in the mitochondria, and a few paternal mitochondria do penetrate the egg during fertilization (Thygarajan et al. 1996). Recombination is ...
The molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and
... gene-expression patterns between normal fertile, male-sterile, restored fertile, and fertile revertant plants. The key test, a functional assay for a candidate sequence, has been reported in only a few cases. Detailed RFLP analyses revealed that the PET1 cytoplasm of sunflower differs from fertile c ...
... gene-expression patterns between normal fertile, male-sterile, restored fertile, and fertile revertant plants. The key test, a functional assay for a candidate sequence, has been reported in only a few cases. Detailed RFLP analyses revealed that the PET1 cytoplasm of sunflower differs from fertile c ...
Human mitochondrial genetics
Human mitochondrial genetics is the study of the genetics of human mitochondrial DNA (the DNA contained in human mitochondria). The human mitochondrial genome is the entirety of hereditary information contained in human mitochondria. Mitochondria are small structures in cells that generate energy for the cell to use, and are hence referred to as the ""powerhouses"" of the cell.Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is not transmitted through nuclear DNA (nDNA). In humans, as in most multicellular organisms, mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother's ovum. There are theories, however, that paternal mtDNA transmission in humans can occur under certain circumstances.Mitochondrial inheritance is therefore non-Mendelian, as Mendelian inheritance presumes that half the genetic material of a fertilized egg (zygote) derives from each parent.Eighty percent of mitochondrial DNA codes for mitochondrial RNA, and therefore most mitochondrial DNA mutations lead to functional problems, which may be manifested as muscle disorders (myopathies).Because they provide 30 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule in contrast to the 2 ATP molecules produced by glycolysis, mitochondria are essential to all higher organisms for sustaining life. The mitochondrial diseases are genetic disorders carried in mitochondrial DNA, or nuclear DNA coding for mitochondrial components. Slight problems with any one of the numerous enzymes used by the mitochondria can be devastating to the cell, and in turn, to the organism.