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Circulatory Failure - Shock
... What would be your initial approach to this patient? Over the course of the next 30 minutes, the patient’s level of consciousness continues to decline and his shortness of breath worsens. On examination, the crackles are higher up the chest and his oxygen saturations are 90% on flush oxygen. ECG de ...
... What would be your initial approach to this patient? Over the course of the next 30 minutes, the patient’s level of consciousness continues to decline and his shortness of breath worsens. On examination, the crackles are higher up the chest and his oxygen saturations are 90% on flush oxygen. ECG de ...
lecture 8 congestive heart failure (chf)
... (4) Blood congests in the left atrium increasing the left atrial ESV. (5) Blood returning to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins has nowhere to go because of the increased volume remaining in the left atrium. (6) Blood congests in the pulmonary veins. (7) With the high venous pressure in pulmona ...
... (4) Blood congests in the left atrium increasing the left atrial ESV. (5) Blood returning to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins has nowhere to go because of the increased volume remaining in the left atrium. (6) Blood congests in the pulmonary veins. (7) With the high venous pressure in pulmona ...
Cardiovascular 1b – Heart and Circulation
... Nerve fibres Smooth muscle Tunica Media Basement membrane Tunica Intima Endothelium Lumen 7. Define the pulmonary circulation Blood is taken from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary veins then bring blood back from the lungs to the left atria. 9. Define the systemic ...
... Nerve fibres Smooth muscle Tunica Media Basement membrane Tunica Intima Endothelium Lumen 7. Define the pulmonary circulation Blood is taken from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary veins then bring blood back from the lungs to the left atria. 9. Define the systemic ...
The heart and circulatory system
... Students will be able to identify the organs in the circulatory system. Students will be able to describe the heart and the main blood vessels and their role. Students will be able to describe the role of the ‘double pump.’ ...
... Students will be able to identify the organs in the circulatory system. Students will be able to describe the heart and the main blood vessels and their role. Students will be able to describe the role of the ‘double pump.’ ...
Pulmonary artery
... Pulmonary vein Separates the two sides of the heart, keeping oxygenated and deoxygenated blood apart. ...
... Pulmonary vein Separates the two sides of the heart, keeping oxygenated and deoxygenated blood apart. ...
Anaesthesia for patients with grown up congenital heart disease
... – Chronic cardiac failure – Chronic non cardiac coexisting diseases; diabetes, neurological, airway, renal and liver ...
... – Chronic cardiac failure – Chronic non cardiac coexisting diseases; diabetes, neurological, airway, renal and liver ...
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
... Incidence • Myocardial involvement is eventually evident in 95% of cases • Typical findings are thickening of the walls of the heart, particularly the left ventricle • Can progress to dilated LV • Pathogenesis unclear – Mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction – Oxidative stress ...
... Incidence • Myocardial involvement is eventually evident in 95% of cases • Typical findings are thickening of the walls of the heart, particularly the left ventricle • Can progress to dilated LV • Pathogenesis unclear – Mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction – Oxidative stress ...
Blood & Circulation
... • Blood – carries important “ *stuff ” through body * Stuff – includes oxygen, food, & waste ...
... • Blood – carries important “ *stuff ” through body * Stuff – includes oxygen, food, & waste ...
What do the following values refer to?
... What branch of the autonomic nervous system regulates vasoconstriction of arterioles? In times of stress, why do skeletal muscles arterioles vasodilate? The blood vessels to the brain and heart never vasoconstrict - why? Kidneys can reabsorb water (into the bloodstream). What effect does this have o ...
... What branch of the autonomic nervous system regulates vasoconstriction of arterioles? In times of stress, why do skeletal muscles arterioles vasodilate? The blood vessels to the brain and heart never vasoconstrict - why? Kidneys can reabsorb water (into the bloodstream). What effect does this have o ...
12 The blood circulatory system
... 8 Arteries carry blood …… the heart. Veins carry blood ……the heart. 9 In which parts of the circulatory system are there valves? 10 What is the connection between tissue fluid, plasma and lymph? 11 How is lymph propelled through the lymphatics? 12 What is the function of lymph nodes? 13 Complete the ...
... 8 Arteries carry blood …… the heart. Veins carry blood ……the heart. 9 In which parts of the circulatory system are there valves? 10 What is the connection between tissue fluid, plasma and lymph? 11 How is lymph propelled through the lymphatics? 12 What is the function of lymph nodes? 13 Complete the ...
Blood Circulation
... 8 Arteries carry blood …… the heart. Veins carry blood ……the heart. 9 In which parts of the circulatory system are there valves? 10 What is the connection between tissue fluid, plasma and lymph? 11 How is lymph propelled through the lymphatics? 12 What is the function of lymph nodes? 13 Complete the ...
... 8 Arteries carry blood …… the heart. Veins carry blood ……the heart. 9 In which parts of the circulatory system are there valves? 10 What is the connection between tissue fluid, plasma and lymph? 11 How is lymph propelled through the lymphatics? 12 What is the function of lymph nodes? 13 Complete the ...
Approach to Congestive Heart Failure and Vascular Emergencies
... chest pain that began in left chest and radiated to his back Pain is unlike his previous MI ...
... chest pain that began in left chest and radiated to his back Pain is unlike his previous MI ...
Ventricular Stimulation Study / Programmed Electrical Stimulation
... The bar chart below summarises the expected percentage success rates for the procedure you are planned to undergo (only shown if less than 100%) and the hazards. We have included success rates for this hospital. Complications are not common so these rates are based on our experience if available or ...
... The bar chart below summarises the expected percentage success rates for the procedure you are planned to undergo (only shown if less than 100%) and the hazards. We have included success rates for this hospital. Complications are not common so these rates are based on our experience if available or ...
Heart PPT
... • What are the four parts of the heart called? • Why does the heart need valves in it? • Where does each side of the heart pump blood? • Why is the left side of the heart thicker than the right side? • Why does the heart need it’s own blood supply if it is full of blood all day? • What would happen ...
... • What are the four parts of the heart called? • Why does the heart need valves in it? • Where does each side of the heart pump blood? • Why is the left side of the heart thicker than the right side? • Why does the heart need it’s own blood supply if it is full of blood all day? • What would happen ...
Biology 11 Test: Circulation and Respiration
... 5) You decide to race your friend for a 3 km run. Halfway there, you notice you are breathing much faster than when you began. Explain why this happened. (Hint: think homeostasis) [3] ...
... 5) You decide to race your friend for a 3 km run. Halfway there, you notice you are breathing much faster than when you began. Explain why this happened. (Hint: think homeostasis) [3] ...
Atrial Fibrillation - Carolina Navika 2015
... ▪ Note any murmurs, pain upon palpation, difficulty breathing, irregular pulses or radiating chest pain ...
... ▪ Note any murmurs, pain upon palpation, difficulty breathing, irregular pulses or radiating chest pain ...
Myocardial infarction
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AMI_scheme.png?width=300)
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.