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Sino-Atrial Exit Block (SA Block):
Sino-Atrial Exit Block (SA Block):

... MI's presenting to emergency rooms evolve to non-Q wave MI's, most having ST segment depression or T wave inversion ...
STICH M19.RV dysfunction.Kukulski-JTCVS
STICH M19.RV dysfunction.Kukulski-JTCVS

... the impact of right ventricular dysfunction on clinical outcome in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with or without surgical ventricular reconstruction. Methods: Of 1000 patients in the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure with coronary artery ...
A Patient`s Guide - Amarillo Heart Group
A Patient`s Guide - Amarillo Heart Group

... Ventricular tachycardia, or VT, is a fast heart rhythm that starts in the heart's lower chambers. Most, but nor all , cases of ventricular tachycardia are caused by an abnormal electrical pathway (re-entry circuit). The abnormal pathway is usually in an area of the heart muscle rhat has been damaged ...
Implication of right ventricular dysfunction on long
Implication of right ventricular dysfunction on long

... the impact of right ventricular dysfunction on clinical outcome in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with or without surgical ventricular reconstruction. Methods: Of 1000 patients in the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure with coronary artery ...
Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Brugada Syndrome
Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Brugada Syndrome

rajiv gandhi university of health sciences, bangalore, karnataka
rajiv gandhi university of health sciences, bangalore, karnataka

... were abdominal obesity, smoking, glucose intolerance and peculiar dynamic profile. Many other survey studies Batchler Jollis and Friesing (1999), Jojoo (1999), WHO (1999) also revealed that CHD had accounted for more death and particularly in developing countries. The major risk factors of heart dis ...
A Tale of Two "Pulseless Electrical Activity" Cardiac Arrest Rhythms
A Tale of Two "Pulseless Electrical Activity" Cardiac Arrest Rhythms

... It is important to distinguish between the "true" and "pseudo" subtypes of PEA. In true PEA, cardiac electrical activity in the form of a rhythm is noted, yet absolutely no mechanical contraction of the heart is occurring--hence, the absence of pulse and perfusion. Pseudo PEA, which occurs when card ...
(aed) devices and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr)
(aed) devices and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr)

... system which includes but is not limited to athletic events, booster clubs, parentteacher organizations, or any activity designed to enhance the school curriculum whether on school-campus or not. ...
Making the Most of the Daphnia Heart Rate Lab
Making the Most of the Daphnia Heart Rate Lab

... tobacco extract contains almost 0.5% nicotine, which corresponds to 31 mM, so millimolar concentrations can be obtained by extracting tobacco into water – a procedure commonly used by teachers preparing for the Daphnia heart rate lab. If students are to work with a nicotine solution, its concentrati ...
Intra-aortic balloon pumping: effects on left ventricular diastolic
Intra-aortic balloon pumping: effects on left ventricular diastolic

... augmenting coronary artery flow through increasing diastolic pressure in the ascending aorta and (b) it decreases myocardial oxygen consumption by reducing after-load [16]. In this paper, we present an evidence for indirect effect of the IABP on LV diastolic function as assessed by filling and wall ...
Left ventricular dysfunction following rewarming from experimental
Left ventricular dysfunction following rewarming from experimental

... ment both the strength and duration of contractions as well as the load-independent measure of cardiac contractility (35). However, most of these observations were performed in isolated in vitro preparations subjected to moderate hypothermia (4, 30). In more intact animal preparations, marked depres ...
Levosimendan in Patients with Left Ventricular
Levosimendan in Patients with Left Ventricular

Utilization of Fosphenytoin for Digoxin-Induced
Utilization of Fosphenytoin for Digoxin-Induced

... verapamil, diltiazem) or increasing the bioavailability of digoxin (e.g., macrolide antibiotics). Advanced age, renal failure, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and electrolyte disturbances including hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypercalcemia also may predispose to toxicity. Toxicity may l ...
Provex CV PDF
Provex CV PDF

... Finally, ProvexCV’s grape seed extract also contains gallic esters which are powerful free-radical scavengers.* The flavonoids found in ProvexCV’s grape skin extract contain many of the common components of grape juice, such as anthocyanins (another class of flavonoids), tartaric acid, tannins, and ...
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance: Basic
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance: Basic

... purely on the concentration of that nucleus at that location in the body. However, several additional mechanisms affect this simple picture, which make MRI a considerably more powerful technique. • Spin-lattice relaxation (T1) relates to the time it takes for the signal to recover after an excitatio ...
Deaths in long-term paced patients
Deaths in long-term paced patients

... these also underwent a period of pacing with myocardial electrodes placed on the heart at operation and some were paced for periods with an endocardial electrode with the lead brought through the skin to an external pacemaker. Such patients are included in the survival statistics but only the deaths ...
the muscular system
the muscular system

... that they make up just a fraction of the blood volume. They originate from cells known as megakaryocytes, which are present in the bone marrow. When more thrombocytes are needed, the kidneys produce a hormone called thrombopoietin that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more megakaryocytes, which ...
- White Rose Research Online
- White Rose Research Online

... amount of RV pacing delivered,[6] and baseline features such as the presence of impaired left ventricular (LV) function, atrial fibrillation and older age at implant [7][9] and paced QRS.[10] In a cross-sectional study in patients attending a pacemaker follow-up clinic we have previously demonstrate ...
Modulation of the Ectopic Focus Introduces Various Forms
Modulation of the Ectopic Focus Introduces Various Forms

... the mechanism in which repetitive interpolated ventricular bigeminy (RIVB) not requiring two circuits for tachycardia could actually exist as a counterpart of reentry3. Fig. 4 illustrated ECG and heart rate tachogram recorded in a 70 year-old man showing sudden jump up of the ventricular rate to 110 ...
Congenital Heart Disease: An Approach for Simple and Complex
Congenital Heart Disease: An Approach for Simple and Complex

... Case 6 – Asymptomatic 3 month old with cyanosis and a cardiac murmur ...
imaging three-dimensional cardiac function
imaging three-dimensional cardiac function

... a subject of great interest both to cardiovascular scientists and clinical cardiologists. The application of clinical imaging to cardiac function has traditionally been limited to global geometric measurements, including left ventricular (LV) wall mass, ventricular volume, stroke volume, ejection fr ...
Assessment of the Morphologic Right Ventricular Function after the
Assessment of the Morphologic Right Ventricular Function after the

... that the incidence of morphologic right ventricular dysfunction is increasing [2]. By forty-five years old, 56% of patients got SV dysfunction associated with VSD, morphologic TR and so on [3]. Abnormalities of the morphologic tricuspid valve have reportedly been observed in up to nine-tenths of pat ...
Severity of renal vascular disease predicts mortality in patients
Severity of renal vascular disease predicts mortality in patients

... abdominal aortography at the time of coronary angiography provides a number of observations. First, we have confirmed the frequent association of significant RAS with patients with underlying coronary disease. Second, we demonstrated that the presence of asymptomatic RAS is associated with a profoun ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... to disease or underlying pathology. Enlargement of the ventricular cavities, or increases in myocardial wall thickness, occur in response to an enhanced volume load or an increase in wall stress, respectively. Thus, the altered hemodynamics associated with cardiac disease, such as valvular regurgita ...
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot

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Myocardial infarction



Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.
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