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Circulatory system
Circulatory system

Hypertension Canada - STA HealthCare Communications
Hypertension Canada - STA HealthCare Communications

... the drug with close observation of BP. However, many hypertensive patients are frequently taking other drugs that also can cause headaches, some (e.g., nitrates) more frequently than others (e.g., statins). These investigators implied that elevated BP caused headache in some patients with mild-to-mo ...
Pro_ ACE Inhibitors Should Be Continued Perioperatively and Prior
Pro_ ACE Inhibitors Should Be Continued Perioperatively and Prior

... of developing postoperative renal dysfunction compared to others.18 However, patients in the chronic ACE inhibitor group in this study were more likely to have hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, all of which are well-established risk factors for acute kidney injury. After Licker et al’s initial de ...
102 CC~~[Q)~(Q)~~~CClUJ[l~~ ~W~U~ffi:JD
102 CC~~[Q)~(Q)~~~CClUJ[l~~ ~W~U~ffi:JD

... to a given region by contracting (causing vasoconstriction) or relaxing (vasodilation). Capillaries (not shown) are simple endothelial tubes supported by a small amount of fibrous tissue, connected to arteries at one end and to veins at the other end. Capillary walls are thin enough to allow ready d ...
Influence of drugs and gender on the arterial pulse wave and
Influence of drugs and gender on the arterial pulse wave and

... genders, but our findings are consistent with a report that these are higher in women [21]. The left ventricle pressure curve, being the same as that of the aorta during systole, will show enhanced augmentation in women and during β blockade. The secretion of BNP from isolated cardiomyocytes is stim ...
Cardiovascular Regulation
Cardiovascular Regulation

... Increase in cardiac output as a function of the Frank-Starling law and as a reflex response to atrial stretching. Arterial pressure are therefore maintained despite decrease in downstream resistance. Advanced stage of exercise produces sympathetic stimulation. Produces vasoconstriction for non-essen ...
The patient with hypertension undergoing surgery
The patient with hypertension undergoing surgery

... known hypertensive disease was not specified, however, and no stratification was made for the use of antihypertensive drugs. Previous studies have shown a higher incidence of intraoperative hypotension when angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were continued prior to surgery. More recently ...
Heart Failure Presentation - Dorset County Hospital NHS
Heart Failure Presentation - Dorset County Hospital NHS

... Outcomes and Rehospitalisation in Seniors with heart failure) Undisputed evidence from various studies ...
Atrioventricular Valve Endocardiosis
Atrioventricular Valve Endocardiosis

... Asymptomatic Valve Disease (pet has no clinical signs of heart-valve disease)  Heart murmur  As the disease progresses, the heart murmur typically gets louder and radiates more widely; with severe disease, the murmur may decrease in frequency and loudness Mild Congestive Heart Failure (condition i ...
atrioventricular valve endocardiosis
atrioventricular valve endocardiosis

... Asymptomatic Valve Disease (pet has no clinical signs of heart-valve disease)  Heart murmur  As the disease progresses, the heart murmur typically gets louder and radiates more widely; with severe disease, the murmur may decrease in frequency and loudness Mild Congestive Heart Failure (condition i ...
Nuclear Medicine: Ejection Fraction
Nuclear Medicine: Ejection Fraction

... Ejection fraction is an evaluation of the function of the left ventricle, also called left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). It calculates the proportion of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat. If the percentage is lower than 50 percent, then cardiomyopathy may be present ( ...
Slide 1 - Fairfield Public Schools
Slide 1 - Fairfield Public Schools

... Anatomical term for the throat. Both air and food pass through it. ...
Notes 13 - Dr. Dorena Rode
Notes 13 - Dr. Dorena Rode

... clotting factors immune cells ...
Renal Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disorder in Children with
Renal Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disorder in Children with

... must be aggressively treated. Target blood pressure for patients with renal hypertension should be at low normal values: <75 percentile for patients without proteinuria and <50 percentile for patients with proteinuria. Renin-angiotensin system antagonists are considered the first choice pharmacologi ...
The Circulatory System and the Blood
The Circulatory System and the Blood

... • If a person has this antigen, they will have a + next to their blood type (ex: A+ means they have the A and Rh antigen) • If a person does not have this antigen, they will have a – next to their blood type (ex: A- means they only have the A ...
Challenges in end-stage heart failure: Compliance
Challenges in end-stage heart failure: Compliance

... • HF is a chronic disease requiring a complex management • Nonadherence is a prevalent problem, resulting in poor clinical and economical outcomes • Risk factors are multi-factorial • Interventions should be multidimensional, targeting more than 1 risk factor with more than 1 intervention • A multil ...
AnsKey.Quiz2
AnsKey.Quiz2

... 9. The results of this experiment indicate that gastric protease digests protein (egg white) most rapidly at a temperature of ...
Structure of the Heart
Structure of the Heart

Chapter 4 Cardiovascular
Chapter 4 Cardiovascular

... Right Atrioventricular Valve (Tricuspid) Explain Clinical Significance of EKG, Heart Sounds and Blood Pressure Pacemaker System - system of cells, nodes, and fibers that maintain the heart’s regular rhythm • Sinoatrial Node - specialized group of pacemaker cells in the right atrium that send out ele ...
Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood from
Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood from

... Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again. This is just one phase of the overall circulatory system. The veins bring waste-rich blood back to the heart, entering the right atrium throughout two large veins called vena cavae. The right at ...
Heart Disease - Oldham Sixth Form College
Heart Disease - Oldham Sixth Form College

... The release of the hormones adrenaline and noradrenalin cause high blood pressure, leading to atherosclerosis. A study by Friedman and Rosenman found that 70% people with hostile (type A) personalities developed CHD later on in life. ...
Chapter 11
Chapter 11

...  Describe the cardiovascular systems  Discuss the major forms of cardiovascular disease  Describe methods of diagnosing and treating cardiovascular disease  List and discuss the risk factors for cardiovascular disease  Discuss the nature of cancer and how it develops  List and discuss the caus ...
Feb 17 CV IV
Feb 17 CV IV

... Factors affecting arteriole radius • Autoregulation is a myogenic response – As flow increases, smooth muscle stretches ...
drugs of metabolic action
drugs of metabolic action

... Dose titration: from 6,25-12,5 mg per day to 12,5-50 mg 3 times a day until appearance of effect Side effects: dry cough (can be decreased by nonsteroid antiinflammatory), considerable decreasing of AP, worsening of kidneys’ function, hyperpotassiumemia, tachycardia, neutropenia, aphtose stomatitis ...
Objectives
Objectives

... Disclaimer: Use this materials to help you in your studies. Add on additional materials which you think these notes are not adequate in explaining. Please note that I have not included any diagrams for the different body system. Those diagrams are very important (for example, the upper respiratory t ...
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Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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