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Exam I Study Guide
Exam I Study Guide

... 8. Know the components of the hearts conduction system and their characteristics. 9. Be able to describe the process of cardiac contraction starting at the SA node. 10. Be able to recognize the steps involved with AP conduction on cardiac muscle & autorhythmic cells. 11. Understand the mechanisms th ...
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... The body uses a lot of energy when exercising so the heart needs to pump a lot of oxygen and food around the body. This results in an increase in heart-beat and rate of breathing. To demonstrate the effect of exercise and rest on pulse and breathing rate A pulse is caused by the surge of blood in an ...
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patent_ductus_arteriosus

...  Following birth, the ductus arteriosus closes and seals off so that blood flows into the lungs, where it gets oxygen and allows carbon dioxide to be removed from the body  “Patent ductus arteriosus” (PDA) occurs when the open blood vessel persists and does not close following birth; this allows c ...
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... pressure higher than the ventricle pressure, so blood flows from the atrium to the ventricle. The artery pressure is higher still, but blood can’t flow from the artery back into the heart due to the semi-lunar valves. The valves are largely passive: they open when blood flows through them the right ...
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... 5 Blood is distributed by right and left pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where it unloads CO2 and loads O2. 6 Blood returns from lungs via pulmonary veins to left atrium. 7 Blood in left atrium flows through left AV valve into left ventricle. 8 Contraction of left ventricle (simultaneous with step ...
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Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries



dextro-Transposition of the great arteries (d-Transposition of the great arteries, dextro-TGA, or d-TGA), sometimes also referred to as complete transposition of the great arteries, is a birth defect in the large arteries of the heart. The primary arteries (the aorta and the pulmonary artery) are transposed.It is called a cyanotic congenital heart defect (CHD) because the newborn infant turns blue from lack of oxygen.In segmental analysis, this condition is described as ventriculoarterial discordance with atrioventricular concordance, or just ventriculoarterial discordance.d-TGA is often referred to simply as transposition of the great arteries (TGA); however, TGA is a more general term which may also refer to levo-transposition of the great arteries (l-TGA).Another term commonly used to refer to both d-TGA and l-TGA is transposition of the great vessels (TGV), although this term might have an even broader meaning than TGA.
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