Download Lifestyle/ Chronic Diseases (Non

Name: _________________________
Period: __________
Lifestyle/Chronic Diseases
Unit 6 (Non-Communicable Diseases)
P age 5 1 4
Lifestyle/Chronic Diseases
Diseases caused by lifestyle _______________, _______________, and/or environment and are
not ______________________.
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular/__________ ____________: any disease of the heart ______________ or
working parts of the heart
Angina Pectoris: Chest pain resulting from narrowed ______________ _________________
– Heart is not getting enough ________________
Congestive Heart Failure:
Coronary Heart Disease: A disease in which the coronary arteries are ______________ or
____________________.
Coronary Artery: The blood ________________ that carries ____________________ blood to
the heart _________________.
Plaque: _____________ deposits of ________.
Factors which could lead to Cardiovascular Disease
 _____________, Heredity, ____________, Hypertension, High Cholesterol, Poor Diet,
Diabetes, ____________, Lack of ____________, _____________
The Heart p. 210
 Has _____ Pumps with _____ Chambers
 ____________ side: Pumps ____________ to the
lungs for _____________
 ____________ side: Sends ____________
blood to the ___________
 ______________: Flaps of tissue located at the
entrances and exits for the heart chambers
Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) p. 517
 The event in which blood vessels that
____________ the heart muscle become
_______________ and the heart does not
Unit 6: Non-Communicable Disease Unit Notes
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receive ______________. It could be caused by a ____________ ___________, preventing
blood and oxygen from reaching the ______________.
– This year 1,100,000 people will suffer
– from a heart attack, and over 40% will die (AHA)
Blood Vessels (p.209-210)
 _______________: Carry blood away from the ___________,
largest blood vessels with thick _______________ walls.
 ____________- Carry blood toward the ____________
 _____________- Connect the arteries to the veins
Blood Clots
 Thrombus: A _______________ clot in the blood
 Embolus: A ______________ blood clot
 Aneurysm: The _____________ out of an artery at a point where it has become ___________
 Hemorrhage: The ________________ of an artery wall at a point where it has grown
__________________.
Atherosclerosis (P. 516)
 A disease in which __________________ collects on artery walls. It worsens
________________ and makes blood clots likely. It can cause ____________________ of
arteries that feed critical organs, such as the heart and brain.
 Arteriosclerosis: Tends to occur ________________ as people _______________. This is the
__________________ and ____________ of the arteries.
Other Types of Heart Disease
 Arrhythmia: A heart condition when the heart may beat very _________ or very __________
for no apparent reason. People who do not improve with the help of drugs can receive a
_________________.
 Congenital: “_____________ ____________”
 Pacemaker: a device that is _____________ in the heart to _____________ normal heart
________________.
 Murmur: A heart sound that reflects ____________ or abnormal heart ______.
Rheumatic Fever
 Occurs chiefly in children and teens and includes __________________ of the heart valves.
 Symptoms: Painful, _________ joints, and skin rashes.
 Prevention: Getting prompt treatment for _________ _____________.
Unit 6: Non-Communicable Disease Unit Notes
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Blood Pressure (P. 519)
 The force of blood against the artery walls.


Hypertension: High blood pressure, “____________ ___________”. Hereditary

Diastolic: ______________, This is the ___________ value


Ideal pressure is ______________ or below

Pre-hypertension: A blood pressure
Systolic: _______________, This is the ___________ value
_________________ (High BP)
that places people at higher risk for
__________ _______________
and ________________. Range of
120-139/ 80-89.
Stage I: High blood pressure between
140-159/ 90-99
Stage II: High blood pressure
over 160 / 100

Sphygmomanometer: Used
to ________________ ___________

Antihypertensive: A drug that ___________ ___________________ or high blood pressure
Cholesterol
 A form of fat ___________ in the blood that can accumulate on the inner walls of
________________
 High Cholesterol: ___________________, Above 240 High
 Below___________ milligrams per deciliter is desirable
 Two Types:
 High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
 Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
H DL
 ______________ Cholesterol
 Takes fat ______ of the body
 HDL levels should be above 45mg/dl
 Carry cholesterol to the ____________
for ___________ and _____________
 The ___________ the level in the blood,
the _____________ the risk of developing heart disease
Unit 6: Non-Communicable Disease Unit Notes
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L DL
 _________ Cholesterol


Builds up on ___________ walls

Helps lead to _____________________
LDL levels should be below 130 mg/dl
Diagnosis & Treatment P. 520
Electro-Cardiogram: Electrodes record ___________ of the heart
Cardiac Catheterization: Catheter is inserted into heart, see if there are ________________ in
blood vessels in the heart
Stress Test: Heart action is monitored during bouts of _________________ difficult
___________________
Echocardiogram: Stress test that ______________ heart walls and _______________ action
when heart is stressed
Nuclear Stress Test: _________________ substance injected, show _______________ of heart
muscle
Angioplasty: _______________ inflated in arteries to _____________ plaque on artery wall, can
___________ risk of heart attack
Stent: ____________ in heart artery to __________ wall of artery and keep ____________ so
blood flow is strong
Stroke P. 516
 A condition caused by a _________________ or _____________ blood vessel in the
____________, basically shutting off all blood flow to the brain.
 Brain cells die within minutes.
 Causes: Thrombus, Embolus, Hemorrhage, Aneurysm, Compression from a tumor
 One of most common causes is due to a blood _____ in an artery in the brain.
Symptoms of a Stroke
 Sudden weakness, numbness, tingling
 Loss of _________________
 Dizziness, unsteadiness
 Dimness, loss of _______________
 Paralysis
 Disability or _______________
 In a major stroke, part of the brain will die causing
mental and physical damage and loss of functioning
Cancer P. 531
 An uncontrolled growth of ________________ cells which spreads into surrounding tissue and
other body parts.

__________________: Cancers of the immune system.
Unit 6: Non-Communicable Disease Unit Notes
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Tumor (P. 531)
 An abnormal mass of tissue that can ___________ and _______________ itself, but performs
no _________________ to the body.
 ________________: A tumor that is not cancerous and does not spread to other parts of the
body. Rarely life threatening.
 _______________________: A tumor that is cancerous and may spread to other parts of the
body.
Stages of Cancer P. 531
 The cells can break away from a malignant tumor and then enter the blood stream. This can
lead to the formation of tumors in other parts of the body.
 ______________________: The spread of cancer.
 “_____ _____________”: The cancer is not spreading; it is in its original location.
How Cancer Develops
 Exposure to _______________ or initiator
 Initiator enters _____________
 Cells’ genetic material ________________
 Promoter may be present (speeds up
development)
 ________________ of cells
 Tumors develop
 Malignant tumor grows and spreads to
surrounding tissue
 __________________ occurs
Cancer Warning Signs (P. 534)
 C- Change in bowel or bladder habits
 A U T I O N-
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in a breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
Most Common Cancer (P. 535): Skin Cancer
 Due to ________________ to the sun for many years. This is most easily detected because it
is plainly ______________.
Unit 6: Non-Communicable Disease Unit Notes
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
_____________ Cell Carcinoma: The most _____________ form of skin cancer. It develops
on sun-exposed areas of the body in the form of a small, round, raised red spot. It is almost
always ______________ if it is discovered early.


_____________ Cell Carcinoma: 2nd Most common.
_______________ Melanoma: The most ______________ of skin cancers. It appears as a
__________________ that changes its appearance and attacks other body parts.
Reducing Your Risk of Cancer (P. 534)
 Self Exams & Doctor Tests
 Tobacco Free Lifestyle
 UV Radiation
 Dietary Guidelines
(fiber, variety, antioxidants)
 Desirable W eight
 Avoid Alcohol
 Avoid Exposure to Dangerous Chemicals, Airborne Fibers, and Air Pollution
 Avoid STD’s
 Know family Cancer History
Statistics
 According to the U.S. Center for Cancer Statistics: the leading cancer found in males,
regardless of race, is _______________ cancer. The leader cancer found in females is
_____________________ cancer (also lung and uterus).
Treatment Approaches (P. 536)
 Surgery- most common


Radiation Therapy- uses radiation to kill or damage cancer cells

______________________-immune system stimulated to fight cancer
___________________- drugs that kill cancer
Unit 6: Non-Communicable Disease Unit Notes
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