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Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Fibrillation

... Atrial Fibrillation Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm). The heart has 4 chambers: the right and left atria (upper chambers) and the right and left ventricles (lower chambers). A normal heartbeat begins in the right atrium. The sinoatrial (SA) node is a collection of s ...
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... • Two forms of bypass in the fetus. – Foramen ovale- between right and left atria. – Ductus arteriosis-if blood flows into right ventricle, then will go from pulmonary artery to aorta. – Deoxygenated blood is sent back to placenta via umbilical arteries to become oxygenated from mother. ...
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Microsoft Word - Sheep Heart Dissection

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Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries



dextro-Transposition of the great arteries (d-Transposition of the great arteries, dextro-TGA, or d-TGA), sometimes also referred to as complete transposition of the great arteries, is a birth defect in the large arteries of the heart. The primary arteries (the aorta and the pulmonary artery) are transposed.It is called a cyanotic congenital heart defect (CHD) because the newborn infant turns blue from lack of oxygen.In segmental analysis, this condition is described as ventriculoarterial discordance with atrioventricular concordance, or just ventriculoarterial discordance.d-TGA is often referred to simply as transposition of the great arteries (TGA); however, TGA is a more general term which may also refer to levo-transposition of the great arteries (l-TGA).Another term commonly used to refer to both d-TGA and l-TGA is transposition of the great vessels (TGV), although this term might have an even broader meaning than TGA.
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