Social Identities and Psychosocial Stress
... learns the patterns of the interaction system and how to effectively manipulate them. It is the inputs that are the controlled variable in the identity control system. It is the inputs that are altered (by changing output behavior) to match the standard. The input meanings themselves do not cause be ...
... learns the patterns of the interaction system and how to effectively manipulate them. It is the inputs that are the controlled variable in the identity control system. It is the inputs that are altered (by changing output behavior) to match the standard. The input meanings themselves do not cause be ...
Fifty Years after 'Becoming a Marihuana User.'
... durable finding, informally but frequently replicated in undergraduate lectures, any time one teaches BMU and asks students about ―their friends‘‖ experiences). The drug alone could not explain how the user experienced marijuana. The explanatory problem for Becker was to say how it is that people wh ...
... durable finding, informally but frequently replicated in undergraduate lectures, any time one teaches BMU and asks students about ―their friends‘‖ experiences). The drug alone could not explain how the user experienced marijuana. The explanatory problem for Becker was to say how it is that people wh ...
Perspectives on Psychological Science (in press)
... because it would interfere with learning the message. Similarly, according to this theory, providing a person with a credible source would be good because it would motivate people to learn the message. Although the single effect and single process assumptions provided a reasonable early start to the ...
... because it would interfere with learning the message. Similarly, according to this theory, providing a person with a credible source would be good because it would motivate people to learn the message. Although the single effect and single process assumptions provided a reasonable early start to the ...
Consistent behavioural traits and behavioural syndromes in pairs of
... a major dimension of animal personality (Gosling & Oliver, 1999). Behavioural syndromes are challenging to understand, both in terms of the ultimate and proximate reasons for trait correlations (Sih et al ., 2004), because it is not immediately apparent why behavioural traits, such as activity and b ...
... a major dimension of animal personality (Gosling & Oliver, 1999). Behavioural syndromes are challenging to understand, both in terms of the ultimate and proximate reasons for trait correlations (Sih et al ., 2004), because it is not immediately apparent why behavioural traits, such as activity and b ...
www.ssoar.info Social norms: a review
... we delineate the shared as well as unique ways that different disciplines, including social psychology, communication, public health, philosophy, economics, and sociology, have defined norms. Early research conducted by social psychologists found that group norms dictated action in both ambiguous (S ...
... we delineate the shared as well as unique ways that different disciplines, including social psychology, communication, public health, philosophy, economics, and sociology, have defined norms. Early research conducted by social psychologists found that group norms dictated action in both ambiguous (S ...
Conservation and human behaviour: lessons from social psychology
... 1999), descriptive norms (how other people actually behave, rather than what we perceive others will think of us) (Rivis and Sheeran 2003), self-efficacy (Armitage et al. 1999) and moral obligation (Beck and Ajzen 1991; Conner and Armitage 1998). Moral obligation is a person’s own perception of the m ...
... 1999), descriptive norms (how other people actually behave, rather than what we perceive others will think of us) (Rivis and Sheeran 2003), self-efficacy (Armitage et al. 1999) and moral obligation (Beck and Ajzen 1991; Conner and Armitage 1998). Moral obligation is a person’s own perception of the m ...
COLLECTIVE IDENTITY AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
... four kinds of questions. One was why collective actors come into being when they do. Resource mobilization and political process theorists cut their teeth on the American civil rights movement, where the fact that insurgents had grievances was not particularly mysterious; the challenge was rather to ...
... four kinds of questions. One was why collective actors come into being when they do. Resource mobilization and political process theorists cut their teeth on the American civil rights movement, where the fact that insurgents had grievances was not particularly mysterious; the challenge was rather to ...
Philosophical commitments, empirical evidence - ONID
... results of experimental research. In all of these cases, these commitments function as criteria for theory choice by appealing to the empirical world, broadly construed. Placing these Kuhnian arguments in the terms of psychological research, we argue that the existence of differences in philosophica ...
... results of experimental research. In all of these cases, these commitments function as criteria for theory choice by appealing to the empirical world, broadly construed. Placing these Kuhnian arguments in the terms of psychological research, we argue that the existence of differences in philosophica ...
Social Norms: A Review - Review of Communication Research
... we delineate the shared as well as unique ways that different disciplines, including social psychology, communication, public health, philosophy, economics, and sociology, have defined norms. Early research conducted by social psychologists found that group norms dictated action in both ambiguous (S ...
... we delineate the shared as well as unique ways that different disciplines, including social psychology, communication, public health, philosophy, economics, and sociology, have defined norms. Early research conducted by social psychologists found that group norms dictated action in both ambiguous (S ...
Conformity and Dissent - Chicago Unbound
... diversity on the federal judiciary; affirmative action in higher education; and the potentially large consequences of law even when it is never enforced. Throughout I focus on two influences on individual belief and behavior. The first involves the information conveyed by the actions and statements ...
... diversity on the federal judiciary; affirmative action in higher education; and the potentially large consequences of law even when it is never enforced. Throughout I focus on two influences on individual belief and behavior. The first involves the information conveyed by the actions and statements ...
The Irony of Harmony: Intergroup Contact Can Produce False
... sustain power (Blumer, 1958; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). Moreover, whereas members of advantaged groups may support equality in principle (a likely outcome of favorable contact), they may still be opposed to its practical implementation (Durrheim & Dixon, 2004). If the advantaged-group members would n ...
... sustain power (Blumer, 1958; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). Moreover, whereas members of advantaged groups may support equality in principle (a likely outcome of favorable contact), they may still be opposed to its practical implementation (Durrheim & Dixon, 2004). If the advantaged-group members would n ...
DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders
... The individual actively avoids the situation, or if he or she either is unable or decides not to avoid it, the situation or object evokes intense fear or anxiety (Criterion C). Active avoidance means the individual intentionally behaves in ways that are designed to prevent or minimize contact with p ...
... The individual actively avoids the situation, or if he or she either is unable or decides not to avoid it, the situation or object evokes intense fear or anxiety (Criterion C). Active avoidance means the individual intentionally behaves in ways that are designed to prevent or minimize contact with p ...
Running head: How mental representations change as adult
... a colleague, then she feels anxious. And, this if…then… profile is expected to be stable and characterize Sam’s behaviors over time. This point is particularly relevant to the present chapter on how an attachment bond develops. If the observable if…then… situation-behavior relationships of a person ...
... a colleague, then she feels anxious. And, this if…then… profile is expected to be stable and characterize Sam’s behaviors over time. This point is particularly relevant to the present chapter on how an attachment bond develops. If the observable if…then… situation-behavior relationships of a person ...
Berk DEV-CH 1 - California State University, Los Angeles
... but were to rely solely upon member evaluations. Deviance was an important concern, but "social problems" extended beyond deviance to divorce, poverty, and soil erosion, and excluded norm violations that failed to arouse the concern of the community. Similar to social pathologists, the criteria for ...
... but were to rely solely upon member evaluations. Deviance was an important concern, but "social problems" extended beyond deviance to divorce, poverty, and soil erosion, and excluded norm violations that failed to arouse the concern of the community. Similar to social pathologists, the criteria for ...
The power of moral arguments
... but they suggest that it mostly plays a post-hoc role of finding justifications for a judgment that is arrived at intuitively. Reasoning mostly plays a causal role when it fails to find any decent moral justification, in which case people might feel compelled to change their mind (for an example ...
... but they suggest that it mostly plays a post-hoc role of finding justifications for a judgment that is arrived at intuitively. Reasoning mostly plays a causal role when it fails to find any decent moral justification, in which case people might feel compelled to change their mind (for an example ...
Moral reputation: An evolutionary and cognitive perspective
... little attention to elaborating and defending what, we believe, has to be the cognitive core of any such approach. We are not denying that moral emotions play a major role in morality and that a full account of the evolution of morality must give them a central place. Still, moral emotions are moral ...
... little attention to elaborating and defending what, we believe, has to be the cognitive core of any such approach. We are not denying that moral emotions play a major role in morality and that a full account of the evolution of morality must give them a central place. Still, moral emotions are moral ...
Innovation and Social Change
... Suchman (1988) describes the two discourses as "separate spheres": By and large, we are taught to view the political and the technological as separate spheres, the former having to do with values, ideology, power, and the like, the latter having to do with physical artifacts exempt from such vagarie ...
... Suchman (1988) describes the two discourses as "separate spheres": By and large, we are taught to view the political and the technological as separate spheres, the former having to do with values, ideology, power, and the like, the latter having to do with physical artifacts exempt from such vagarie ...
Empathy as an Antecedent of Social Justice Behavior
... membership forming a web of distribution, (2) that the institutions that distribute justice can be understood, and (3) that there is a way to change the institutional structure. One of the more popular theories of social justice is posited by Rawls (2001). This theory primarily is concerned with “ju ...
... membership forming a web of distribution, (2) that the institutions that distribute justice can be understood, and (3) that there is a way to change the institutional structure. One of the more popular theories of social justice is posited by Rawls (2001). This theory primarily is concerned with “ju ...
The Madding Crowd Goes to School
... established institutions of the day” (p. 315), but if rationality is taken to mean choosing effective means of pursuing a goal, crowds may be very rational. A lone striker is clearly less effective than a picket line. In short, Couch’s analytic approach suggests that the concept of irrationality and ...
... established institutions of the day” (p. 315), but if rationality is taken to mean choosing effective means of pursuing a goal, crowds may be very rational. A lone striker is clearly less effective than a picket line. In short, Couch’s analytic approach suggests that the concept of irrationality and ...
Berk DEV
... type of goal disjunction: barriers to obtaining economic rewards, as the prime factor in the formation of delinquent gangs. A variety of possible responses to goal disjunction were also described by Merton (1938), ranging from conformity to rebellion. His theory, however, did not specify whether (a) ...
... type of goal disjunction: barriers to obtaining economic rewards, as the prime factor in the formation of delinquent gangs. A variety of possible responses to goal disjunction were also described by Merton (1938), ranging from conformity to rebellion. His theory, however, did not specify whether (a) ...
Paper
... believes self-awareness arises simultaneously with the origins of symbolic communication. In order to communicate with others, people must understand what the communication could mean to the other person. To do this, they must take the perspective of the other person and imagine how the other will r ...
... believes self-awareness arises simultaneously with the origins of symbolic communication. In order to communicate with others, people must understand what the communication could mean to the other person. To do this, they must take the perspective of the other person and imagine how the other will r ...
Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, Understanding Psychology
... After: interview three people you are familiar with about the jobs they do everyday. Create 3 to 5 questions that will provide answers about if they like or dislike the job they do. Ask them what they wanted to be when they were little and why did they change their mind and chose a different career. ...
... After: interview three people you are familiar with about the jobs they do everyday. Create 3 to 5 questions that will provide answers about if they like or dislike the job they do. Ask them what they wanted to be when they were little and why did they change their mind and chose a different career. ...
haidt.bjorklund.2008.social-intuitionists-answer-6-questions
... But as their cognitive abilities mature around the ages of 6-8 and they become able to “decenter,” to look at situations through the eyes of others, they come to appreciate the value of rules and laws. As their abstract reasoning abilities mature around puberty, they become able to think about the r ...
... But as their cognitive abilities mature around the ages of 6-8 and they become able to “decenter,” to look at situations through the eyes of others, they come to appreciate the value of rules and laws. As their abstract reasoning abilities mature around puberty, they become able to think about the r ...
Discounting and Uncertainty: A Non
... than 1%, indicating that despite their strong instinct to discount in everyday situations, most people reject long-term discounting of human welfare. It follows that we should abandon “time preference” and consider only discounting associated with actual utility, either through 1) any losses of expe ...
... than 1%, indicating that despite their strong instinct to discount in everyday situations, most people reject long-term discounting of human welfare. It follows that we should abandon “time preference” and consider only discounting associated with actual utility, either through 1) any losses of expe ...
GCS guide to behaviour change - Government Communication
... interventions to encourage positive action among job-seekers, and to drive wider behaviours required by fundamental reforms to welfare and pensions - with some highly positive early results. The team is also committed to raising capability and quality across DWP through the department’s first ever c ...
... interventions to encourage positive action among job-seekers, and to drive wider behaviours required by fundamental reforms to welfare and pensions - with some highly positive early results. The team is also committed to raising capability and quality across DWP through the department’s first ever c ...