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It hurts both ways: How social comparisons harm affective and
It hurts both ways: How social comparisons harm affective and

... Beach (2000) found that participants rated their friends as less psychologically close when their friend performed better than the participant had. Taken together, we expect underperforming trusters to develop negative feelings that harm affective trust in the outperforming trustee. Downward compari ...
RESEARCH: Their Meaning and Use
RESEARCH: Their Meaning and Use

... might show superior performance on a related word fragment completion task, even though they perform only at chance levels on a recognition task in which they indicate the words they had seen earlier. If this terminology is to have any similar meaning for attitudes (as well as stereotypes, the self, ...


... on uncertain future forecasts; therefore, we added a forecasting frame to the initial set of seven frames described above. This added flexibility, however, comes with a potential cost of lower reliability and smaller samples. In general, checks for intercoder reliability are imperative when manual c ...
Theorising homelessness - Housing Studies Association
Theorising homelessness - Housing Studies Association

... ‘If policy cannot even define homelessness, how can it hope to provide for homeless people?’ (Neale, 1997: 46) One could of course respond that plenty of effective welfare provision occurs even in the absence of any clear definition of welfare. More than that, however, this search for a precise defi ...
imageREAL Capture
imageREAL Capture

... arise, neither from consent nor as a consequence of accepting benefits and thus incurring an obligation to respond in kind, but as a natural consequence of the relationships which prevail within them. Where the collective practices of the group meet the criteria outlined above, it is proper to speak ...
"Americans oppose our participation in the Vietnam war, but over a
"Americans oppose our participation in the Vietnam war, but over a

... One docs not learn about social character by asking people ...
Attitudes and Disabled People
Attitudes and Disabled People

... however, in their introduction they refer to the reactions a disabled or handicapped ...
Attitudes and Disabled People - Centre for Disability Studies
Attitudes and Disabled People - Centre for Disability Studies

... however, in their introduction they refer to the reactions a disabled or handicapped ...
The Management of Sadness in Everyday Life
The Management of Sadness in Everyday Life

... and to alleviate others’ emotional discomfort with their sadness in interpersonal relationships. When sad people swallow their own sadness – either by restraining their sadness or by pretending to feel okay – out of consideration for others and to meet emotion norms, they miss out on an opportunity ...
Random graphs: a useful tool in epidemic modelling
Random graphs: a useful tool in epidemic modelling

... Stochastic network model Social structure only partly known: modelled using random graph/network with structure ...
The Choice to Cycle 1  The choice to cycle:
The Choice to Cycle 1 The choice to cycle:

... walking could easily be employed to complete such trips, making transportation an area where substantial improvement is possible. Additionally, commuting to work provides a specific area for potential progress, as commutes are frequent and under an individual’s control. While many people participate ...
Outline chapter - Universidad Alberto Hurtado
Outline chapter - Universidad Alberto Hurtado

... identifying those factors that may lead to an ideal school environment. These two perspectives are complementary and should be integrated in any intervention initiative (Gubbins & Berger, 2004). In order to diminish or suppress aggressive behavior, there is a need to provide alternatives through whi ...
Social Consequences of Disparagement Humor: A Prejudiced Norm
Social Consequences of Disparagement Humor: A Prejudiced Norm

... unique effects of humor above and beyond mere disparagement. In fact, Ford (1997) explained his findings as merely a priming effect resulting from exposure to the negative, stereotypical portrayal of African Americans. Indeed, priming studies exposing participants to nonhumorous stereotypical portra ...
Screening for Psychopathology in Individuals with
Screening for Psychopathology in Individuals with

... resulting from intellectual disability may lead to the behavioural expression of internalizing disorders (Dykens, 2000). Recent research is beginning to examine more closely the expression of mood disorders and emotional problems in individuals with severe and profound intellectual disability. Hayes ...
The Mindful Consumer - Friends of the Earth
The Mindful Consumer - Friends of the Earth

... countering the over-bearing consumerism which characterises modern Western society. On the surface, this project may appear heroic. Mindfulness is concerned with mental states. Consumerism is concerned with stuff. Linking one with the other seems incongruous at first sight. A fundamental premise of ...
Are ``implicit`` attitudes unconscious?
Are ``implicit`` attitudes unconscious?

... As outlined above, there are at least three different aspects of an attitude that could be unconscious (see Fig. 1). First, an individual may or may not be consciously aware of the causal origin of a given attitude (source awareness). Second, an individual may or may not be consciously aware of the a ...
Ethnocentrism and the Value of a Human Life
Ethnocentrism and the Value of a Human Life

... then expect people with these predispositions to differentiate in how much they value the lives of different group members. In summary, research on the many processes involved in intergroup prejudice and discrimination implies that the lives of people in certain groups may be valued less than the li ...
The Protestant work ethic and attitudes towards
The Protestant work ethic and attitudes towards

... reviewed. A study is described which examines the relationship between Protestant work ethic beliefs and attitudes to unemployment. Subjects rated the importance of various explanations for unemployment in Britain, as well as their agreement with statements about social security (welfare) payments t ...
Psychological Ownership
Psychological Ownership

... while others accepted this assertion. Recognizing the psychology of ownership, Etzioni writes that ownership is a "dual creation, part attitude, part object, part in the mind, part 'real'" (1991: 466), and Heider (1958) observes that ‘attitudes of ownership’ are common among people. Consistent with ...
Human Communication - University of Alabama at Birmingham
Human Communication - University of Alabama at Birmingham

... proposes that potential relational partners assess the outcome of a future relationship (Sunnafrank, 1986; 1990). In settings with multiple potential partners (i.e., speed dating) attempts are made to develop the most rewarding and cost effective relationship—excluding those less rewarding (Sunnafra ...
The Influence of Affect on Attitude - University of Virginia Information
The Influence of Affect on Attitude - University of Virginia Information

... show a number of instructive differences, which we describe. Before touching on those issues, however, a bit of history is in order. Associationism. There has long been a desire among philosophers and psychologists to use physical principles to understand psychological phenomena. The conditioned ref ...
The Cognitive and Social Determinants of Bystander Intervention:
The Cognitive and Social Determinants of Bystander Intervention:

... from the role of the bystander. In understanding the context of bullying situations and the factors that influence the decision to intervene, I aim to provide techniques to increase bystander intervention in schools. A study conducted by the United States Department of Health and Human Services repo ...
A Path Analytic Model of the Relationships between Involvement
A Path Analytic Model of the Relationships between Involvement

... study we presented a rather simplistic model. A more sophisticated model could be readily developed and tested that may show that psychological involvement precedes both behavioral involvement and commitment" (p. 338). Understanding of issues underlying the development of behavioral loyalty has impo ...
- Nottingham ePrints
- Nottingham ePrints

... sensitive to social situations, the people involved, and the specific goals of the interaction at hand (Chartrand and van Baaren, 2009). The purpose (or function) of mimicry has long been debated by social psychologists and cognitive neuroscientists. Three major theories have been proposed so far. F ...
Program PDF - SPSP - Society for Personality and Social Psychology
Program PDF - SPSP - Society for Personality and Social Psychology

... Leary, Chair of this year's Program Committee, who managed to find space in what appeared to be a full schedule for even more presentations. Finally, we are grateful to Tara Miller Events for expert handling of aspects of the meeting that required knowledge, experience, and credibility that graduate ...
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Group dynamics

Group dynamics is a system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group (intragroup dynamics), or between social groups (intergroup dynamics). The study of group dynamics can be useful in understanding decision-making behavior, tracking the spread of diseases in society, creating effective therapy techniques, and following the emergence and popularity of new ideas and technologies. Group dynamics are at the core of understanding racism, sexism, and other forms of social prejudice and discrimination. These applications of the field are studied in psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science, epidemiology, education, social work, business, and communication studies.
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